ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753006, India; Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Krishak Nagar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492012, India; Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India.
Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Krishak Nagar, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492012, India.
J Hazard Mater. 2024 May 5;469:133852. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133852. Epub 2024 Feb 21.
The present investigation was planned to bridge the knowledge gap on spatiotemporal variations of pesticide pollution in small streams adjacent to paddy fields, and to visualize the associated risks in the aquatic ecosystems. We screened 106 pesticides using GCMSMS and LCMSMS from 10 small streams (n = 212, surface water samples) adjacent to paddy fields over seven months. Fifty-five pesticides were detected across different streams and months. The highest mean concentration was detected for fenobucarb (272 ng L), followed by thiamethoxam (199 ng L). The highest maximum concentration was detected for thiamethoxam ( 13,264 ng L), followed by triflumezopyrim ( 11,505 ng L). The highest detection frequency was recorded for fenobucarb (80.00%), followed by pretilachlor (79.00%). Out of the ten streams, Attabira stream had the highest mean number of pesticides detected in each sample. Maximum number of pesticides were detected in October followed by September. Pesticides namely, hexaconazole, pretilachlor, tricyclazole, fenobucarb and thiamethoxam were consistently detected across all streams. The risk assessment against the fishes, micro-invertebrates and algae were measured by risk quotient index (RQ). Twenty-five pesticides out of the detected pesticides (n = 55) had risk quotient values greater than 1. The highest RQ values were observed in case of fenpropathrin followed by cyfluthrin-3. The highest RQ value was observed in case of cyfluthrin, indicating its higher toxicity to fishes. The present study reveals that small streams are polluted with pesticides and there is a need to develop strategies and policy interventions in regularizing the pesticide uses for reducing the pesticide pollution in aquatic systems.
本研究旨在填补稻田附近小溪中农药污染时空变化知识空白，并可视化水生生态系统中的相关风险。我们使用 GCMSMS 和 LCMSMS 从稻田附近的 10 条小溪中筛选了 106 种农药（n=212，地表水样本），时间跨度为 7 个月。在不同的溪流和月份中检测到 55 种农药。最高的平均浓度是 Fenobucarb（272ng/L），其次是噻虫嗪（199ng/L）。最高的最大浓度是噻虫嗪（13264ng/L），其次是三氟咪啶磺隆（11505ng/L）。检测频率最高的是 Fenobucarb（80.00%），其次是丙草胺（79.00%）。在这 10 条溪流中，Attabira 溪流在每个样本中检测到的农药平均数量最高。10 月和 9 月检测到的农药种类最多。六氯环己烷、丙草胺、三唑酮、丁硫克百威和噻虫嗪等农药在所有溪流中均有检出。通过风险商指数（RQ）对鱼类、微型无脊椎动物和藻类进行风险评估。在所检测的 55 种农药中有 25 种农药的风险商值大于 1。其中 Fenpropathrin 的 RQ 值最高，其次是氯氟氰菊酯-3。氯氟氰菊酯的 RQ 值最高，表明其对鱼类的毒性较高。本研究表明，小溪受到农药污染，需要制定战略和政策干预措施，规范农药使用，以减少水生系统中的农药污染。
