蓝莓、花青素摄入与女性眼部疾病风险
Intake of Blueberries, Anthocyanins, and Risk of Eye Disease in Women.
机构信息
Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
出版信息
J Nutr. 2024 Apr;154(4):1404-1413. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.02.028. Epub 2024 Mar 1.
BACKGROUND
Blueberries and anthocyanins, their key bioactive component, may improve eye health. However, few long-term studies have examined blueberries and anthocyanins with cataract and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the prospective association between blueberry and anthocyanin intake with incident cataract, total AMD, and visually significant AMD among middle-aged and older women.
METHODS
A total of 36,653 and 35,402 women initially free of AMD and cataract, respectively, aged ≥45 y from the Women's Health Study provided semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire data on blueberry intake categorized as none, 1-3 servings/mo, 1 serving/wk, or ≥2 servings/wk, plus a combined category of ≥1 serving/wk. Total anthocyanin intake and major subclasses were energy-adjusted and categorized into quintiles. Self-reported risk factors of eye disease were adjusted in multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of confirmed cataract, AMD, and visually significant AMD with mean follow-up of 11 y.
RESULTS
Among the participants, 10.5% consumed ≥1 serving/wk of blueberries, with mean total anthocyanin intake of 11.2 mg/d. Compared to no blueberry intake, women consuming 1-3 servings/mo, 1 serving/wk, and ≥2 servings/wk had corresponding multivariable HRs of total AMD of 0.90 (95% CI: 0.73, 1.11), 0.71 (95% CI: 0.50, 1.00), and 0.36 (95% CI: 0.14, 0.93) (P = 0.011); those consuming ≥1 servings/wk had an HR of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.98). A similar magnitude of HRs were found for visually significant AMD (P = 0.012) but not for cataract. There were no significant associations between increasing total anthocyanin quintiles and total and visually significant AMD, but there was a modest inverse association with cataract (P = 0.022), driven by a 10% reduction in cataract in the upper 2 quintiles.
CONCLUSIONS
Greater blueberry intake significantly reduced total AMD, but not visually significant AMD or cataract. However, the magnitude of effect for visually significant AMD was similar to total AMD. There was a modest but significant inverse association between dietary anthocyanin intake with cataract but not AMD.
背景
蓝莓及其关键生物活性成分花青素可能有益于眼部健康。然而，很少有长期研究调查蓝莓和花青素与白内障和年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）的关系。
目的
探究中老年女性蓝莓和花青素摄入量与白内障、总 AMD 和有临床意义的 AMD 发生率之间的前瞻性关联。
方法
共有 36653 名最初无 AMD 和白内障、年龄≥45 岁的女性和 35402 名女性分别来自妇女健康研究，提供了关于蓝莓摄入量的半定量食物频率问卷数据，分为无、1-3 份/月、1 份/周或≥2 份/周，以及≥1 份/周的组合类别。总花青素摄入量和主要亚类经能量调整并分为五分位。多变量风险比（HR）（95%置信区间[CI]）调整了眼病的自报风险因素，平均随访时间为 11 年。
结果
在参与者中，有 10.5%的人每周食用≥1 份蓝莓，平均总花青素摄入量为 11.2 毫克/天。与不食用蓝莓相比，每月食用 1-3 份、每周食用 1 份和每周食用≥2 份的女性患总 AMD 的多变量 HR 分别为 0.90（95%CI：0.73，1.11）、0.71（95%CI：0.50，1.00）和 0.36（95%CI：0.14，0.93）（P=0.011）；每周食用≥1 份的女性患 AMD 的 HR 为 0.68（95%CI：0.47，0.98）。有临床意义的 AMD（P=0.012）也存在相似幅度的 HR，但与白内障无关。总 AMD 和有临床意义的 AMD 与总花青素五分位呈正相关，但无统计学意义，而与白内障呈负相关（P=0.022），前两个五分位的白内障减少 10%。
结论
蓝莓摄入量的增加显著降低了总 AMD，但对有临床意义的 AMD 或白内障没有影响。然而，有临床意义的 AMD 的影响幅度与总 AMD 相似。花青素摄入量与白内障呈适度但显著的负相关，与 AMD 无关。
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