Sari Elizabeth Fitriana, Johnson Newell W, McCullough Michael John, Cirillo Nicola
Dentistry and Oral Health Discipline, Department of Rural Clinical Science, La Trobe Rural Health School, Bendigo, 3552, Australia.
Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363, Bandung, Indonesia.
Sci Rep. 2024 Mar 4;14(1):5232. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54410-4.
Detection of subjects with oral potentially malignant disorders in a population is key to early detection of oral cancer (OC) with consequent reduction of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors for OPMD in representative provinces of Indonesia. This cross-sectional study was undertaken in five Indonesian provinces: West Java (WJ), Jakarta (JKT), West Papua (WP), West Kalimantan (WK) and Banda Aceh (BA). Respondents answered a previously validated questionnaire including information on ethnicity, occupation, socioeconomic status (SES), oral health practices, and behaviours associated with oral cancer. An oral examination was undertaken using WHO standardized methodology. Data were analysed using ANOVA, Chi-Square, and logistic regression to assess association between risk factors and mucosal disease. A total of 973 respondents between the ages of 17 and 82 years was enrolled (WJ 35.5%,JKT 13.3% WP 18.3%, WK 9%, BA 23.9%). Tobacco smoking (14.8%), Betel quid (BQ) chewing (12.6%) and alcohol drinking (4%) varied geographically. A well-established OPMD was detected in 137 (14.1%) respondents and 2 (0.2%) presented with chronic ulceration later diagnosed as OC. Leukoplakia was the most common OPMD found (9.7%), while the prevalence of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), not previously described in the nation, was 2.3%. Poor knowledge of OC risk factors, poor oral hygiene behaviours, low-income SES and ethnicity were significantly associated with the presence of an OPMD. There is a previously under-reported high prevalence of OPMD in Indonesia. Overall, we found a strong correlation between the presence of an OPMD and individual habituation to known risk factors.
在人群中检测出患有口腔潜在恶性疾病的个体是早期发现口腔癌（OC）并进而降低癌症相关发病率和死亡率的关键。我们的目的是调查印度尼西亚代表性省份口腔潜在恶性疾病（OPMD）的患病率及其相关危险因素。这项横断面研究在印度尼西亚的五个省份进行：西爪哇省（WJ）、雅加达（JKT）、西巴布亚省（WP）、西加里曼丹省（WK）和班达亚齐（BA）。受访者回答了一份先前经过验证的问卷，内容包括种族、职业、社会经济地位（SES）、口腔健康习惯以及与口腔癌相关的行为。使用世界卫生组织标准化方法进行口腔检查。采用方差分析、卡方检验和逻辑回归分析数据，以评估危险因素与黏膜疾病之间的关联。共纳入了973名年龄在17至82岁之间的受访者（WJ占35.5%，JKT占13.3%，WP占18.3%，WK占9%，BA占23.9%）。吸烟（14.8%）、嚼槟榔（BQ，12.6%）和饮酒（4%）在不同地区存在差异。在137名（14.1%）受访者中检测出患有确诊的OPMD，2名（0.2%）出现慢性溃疡，后来被诊断为口腔癌。白斑是最常见的OPMD（9.7%），而此前该国未描述过的口腔黏膜下纤维化（OSMF）患病率为2.3%。对口腔癌危险因素的认知不足、不良的口腔卫生习惯、低收入的社会经济地位以及种族与OPMD的存在显著相关。印度尼西亚OPMD的患病率此前报告不足。总体而言，我们发现OPMD的存在与个体对已知危险因素的习惯化之间存在很强的相关性。
