Kim Seolmin, Hong Sumin, Park Doo-Heum, Ryu Seung-Ho, Ha Jee Hyun, Jeon Hong Jun
Department of Psychiatry, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Psychology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea.
Psychiatry Investig. 2024 Feb;21(2):174-180. doi: 10.30773/pi.2023.0142. Epub 2024 Feb 22.
This study explored whether temperament profiles are associated with psychological functioning and whether character maturity affects this association in patients with panic disorders (PD).
A total of 270 patients with PD were enrolled in this study. Measurements included the Temperament and Character Inventory-revised-short (TCI-RS), a self-report version of the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS-SR), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Cluster analysis was used to define the patients' temperament profiles, and the differences in discrete variables among temperament clusters were calculated using a one-way analysis of variance. An analysis of covariance was conducted to control for the impact of character maturity on psychological functioning among clusters.
We identified four temperament clusters of patients with PD. Significant differences in the PDSS-SR, BDI-II, STAI-state, and STAI-trait scores among the four clusters were detected [F(3, 262)=9.16, p<0.001; F(3, 266)=33.78, p<0.001; F(3, 266)=19.12, p<0.001; F(3, 266)=39.46, p<0.001]. However, after controlling for the effect of character maturity, the effect of cluster type was either eliminated or reduced ([STAI-state] cluster type: F(3, 262)=0.94, p>0.05; SD+CO: F(1, 262)=65.95, p<0.001, ηp2 =0.20).
This study enabled a more comprehensive and integrated understanding of patients by exploring the configuration of all temperament dimensions together rather than each temperament separately. Furthermore, we revealed that depending on the degree of character maturity, the psychological functioning might differ even within the same temperament cluster. These results imply that character maturity can complement inherently vulnerable temperament expression.
本研究探讨惊恐障碍（PD）患者的气质特征是否与心理功能相关，以及性格成熟度是否会影响这种关联。
本研究共纳入270例PD患者。测量工具包括修订版简式气质与性格量表（TCI-RS）、惊恐障碍严重程度量表自评版（PDSS-SR）、贝克抑郁量表第二版（BDI-II）和斯皮尔伯格状态-特质焦虑量表（STAI）。采用聚类分析确定患者的气质特征，并使用单因素方差分析计算气质聚类间离散变量的差异。进行协方差分析以控制性格成熟度对各聚类中心理功能的影响。
我们确定了PD患者的四种气质聚类。检测到四个聚类在PDSS-SR、BDI-II、STAI状态和STAI特质得分上存在显著差异[F(3, 262)=9.16, p<0.001；F(3, 266)=33.78, p<0.001；F(3, 266)=19.12, p<0.001；F(3, 266)=39.46, p<0.001]。然而，在控制性格成熟度的影响后，聚类类型的影响要么消除，要么减弱（[STAI状态]聚类类型：F(3, 262)=0.94, p>0.05；SD+CO：F(1, 262)=65.95, p<0.001, ηp2 =0.20）。
本研究通过一起探索所有气质维度的配置而非单独探索每种气质，使我们能够更全面、综合地了解患者。此外，我们发现，根据性格成熟度的程度，即使在相同的气质聚类中，心理功能也可能有所不同。这些结果表明，性格成熟度可以补充内在易损的气质表现。
