Rampelli Simone, Gallois Sandrine, D'Amico Federica, Turroni Silvia, Fabbrini Marco, Scicchitano Daniel, Candela Marco, Henry Amanda
Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Department of Archaeological Sciences, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, 2311 Leiden, the Netherlands.
iScience. 2024 Feb 10;27(3):109211. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109211. eCollection 2024 Mar 15.
The human gut microbiome is losing biodiversity, due to the "microbiome modernization process" that occurs with urbanization. To keep track of it, here we applied shotgun metagenomics to the gut microbiome of the Baka, a group of forager-horticulturalists from Cameroon, who combine hunting and gathering with growing a few crops and working for neighboring Bantu-speaking farmers. We analyzed the gut microbiome of individuals with different access to and use of wild plant and processed foods, to explore the variation of their gut microbiome along the cline from hunter-gatherer to agricultural subsistence patterns. We found that 26 species-level genome bins from our cohort were pivotal for the degradation of the wild plant food substrates. These microbes include Old Friend species and are encoded for genes that are no longer present in industrialized gut microbiome. Our results highlight the potential relevance of these genes to human biology and health, in relation to lifestyle.
由于城市化进程中出现的“微生物群落现代化过程”，人类肠道微生物群落正在丧失生物多样性。为了对此进行追踪，我们在此对喀麦隆一群觅食园艺者巴卡人的肠道微生物群落应用了鸟枪法宏基因组学。这些巴卡人将狩猎和采集与种植一些作物以及为讲班图语的邻近农民工作结合起来。我们分析了不同程度接触和食用野生植物及加工食品的个体的肠道微生物群落，以探索其肠道微生物群落在从狩猎采集到农业生存模式这一连续变化过程中的变异情况。我们发现，我们队列中的26个物种水平的基因组箱对于野生植物食物底物的降解至关重要。这些微生物包括“老朋友”物种，并且编码了工业化肠道微生物群落中不再存在的基因。我们的研究结果突出了这些基因与生活方式相关的对人类生物学和健康的潜在相关性。
