Abraham Dax, Singh Arundeep, Goyal Anjana
Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Studies, Manav Rachna Dental College, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dental Studies, Manav Rachna Dental College, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2023 Nov-Dec;27(6):552-558. doi: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_185_23. Epub 2024 Jan 24.
To date, there is no confirmatory diagnostic test that can identify the type of periodontal disease and the disease progress. With the advent of "molecular biomarkers," this systematic review and meta-analysis were designed with the sole purpose of identifying a novel biomarker, namely, nucleotide leucine rich repeat pyrin protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome which has already been extensively researched for chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Only case observational studies that evaluated the presence of human NLRP3 inflammasome in the saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis with no overlying systemic disease and compared the same to healthy patients to obtain quantitative data that can be statistically analyzed were included. The confirmatory test used in all the studies was the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
The broad-based search led to a total of three articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria so that a meta-analysis of the results could be carried out. Data reveal that NLRP3 levels are raised in chronic periodontitis cases ( = 0.05; relative risk = 1.05 [0.00-2.09]). The risk of bias assessment was carried out according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist where ten-point criteria were outlined indicating a low risk of bias for three studies.
NLPR3 inflammasome could be tested as a reliable biomarker in saliva to identify the type and progress of the periodontal disease.
迄今为止，尚无能够确定牙周疾病类型和疾病进展的确诊诊断测试。随着“分子生物标志物”的出现，本系统评价和荟萃分析旨在找出一种新型生物标志物，即富含亮氨酸重复序列的核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3（NLRP3）炎性小体，该炎性小体已针对慢性炎症和自身免疫性疾病进行了广泛研究。
仅纳入了病例观察性研究，这些研究评估了无全身性疾病的慢性牙周炎患者唾液中人类NLRP3炎性小体的存在情况，并将其与健康患者进行比较，以获取可进行统计分析的定量数据。所有研究中使用的确诊测试均为酶联免疫吸附测定。
广泛检索共得到三篇符合纳入标准的文章，因此可以对结果进行荟萃分析。数据显示，慢性牙周炎病例中NLRP3水平升高（P = 0.05；相对风险 = 1.05 [0.00 - 2.09]）。根据乔安娜·布里格斯研究所的批判性评价清单进行偏倚风险评估，其中列出了十点标准，表明三项研究的偏倚风险较低。
NLRP3炎性小体可作为唾液中的可靠生物标志物进行检测，以确定牙周疾病的类型和进展。
