DeVietti T L, Pellis S M, Pellis V C, Teitelbaum P
Behav Neurosci. 1985 Dec;99(6):1128-41. doi: 10.1037//0735-7044.99.6.1128.
Three experiments were conducted to investigate the phenomenon of atropine-induced stereotypic trapping in rats reported by Schallert, De Ryck, and Teitelbaum (1980). The first two showed that such trapping was disrupted by previous experience with the specific trapping task or the test context alone. The third showed that, in response to the test context, specific behaviors were altered in rats experienced with the context. Inexperienced atropine-treated animals moved slowly and showed a strong thigmotaxis to surfaces with the body and particularly the snout. The hindquarters did not cooperate well with the movements of the forequarters. In contrast, atropine-treated animals familiar with the context moved with medium-speed, coordinated movements, were independent of surface contact with body and snout, and the hindquarters cooperated fully with forequarter movements. These reactions of drugged animals were exaggerated forms of those of undrugged animals to the unfamiliar and familiar context, respectively. Thus, atropine enhances the reactions of the rat to both a novel and a familiar environment. The enhanced reactions to a novel environment appear as stereotyped behaviors that trap the animal in particular configurations of surfaces. The enhanced reactions to a familiar environment abolish the stereotypic trapping normally produced by atropine. This pattern of results indicates that it is not atropine per se that leads to trapping. Rather, stereotypic trapping develops as a consequence of an interaction between the adaptive responses of the rat to a novel environment and atropine.
开展了三项实验，以研究沙勒特、德里克和泰特尔鲍姆（1980年）报告的大鼠中阿托品诱导的刻板性固定现象。前两项实验表明，这种固定会被之前单独进行的特定固定任务或测试环境的经验所破坏。第三项实验表明，对于测试环境，经历过该环境的大鼠的特定行为会发生改变。未经处理的无经验动物行动缓慢，身体尤其是口鼻部会强烈趋向于表面。后肢与前肢的动作配合不佳。相比之下，熟悉该环境的经阿托品处理的动物以中等速度、协调的动作移动，身体和口鼻部不依赖于与表面的接触，后肢与前肢的动作充分配合。用药动物的这些反应分别是未用药动物对陌生和熟悉环境反应的夸张形式。因此，阿托品增强了大鼠对新环境和熟悉环境的反应。对新环境增强的反应表现为刻板行为，使动物陷入特定的表面构型中。对熟悉环境增强的反应消除了通常由阿托品产生的刻板性固定。这种结果模式表明，导致固定的并非阿托品本身。相反，刻板性固定是大鼠对新环境的适应性反应与阿托品之间相互作用的结果。
