Gohal Gassem A, Majhali Aqilah, Moafa Esaam, Talebi Sarah H, Maashi Bushra I, Mutaen Amani, Alhamdan Walaa J, Dighriri Ibrahim M
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU.
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, SAU.
Cureus. 2024 Jan 31;16(1):e53307. doi: 10.7759/cureus.53307. eCollection 2024 Jan.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is increasingly prevalent among Saudi Arabian youth, particularly in the Jazan region. This chronic condition necessitates lifelong insulin therapy and poses significant daily management challenges for affected adolescents. Despite the high incidence rates, there is a notable lack of research into how T1DM impacts the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of these individuals.
This study aimed to assess HRQoL and its demographic correlates in T1DM patients in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia.
In this cross-sectional study, 236 T1DM patients completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Diabetes Module 3.0 (PedsQL DM). The HRQoL across domains of diabetes symptoms, treatment barriers, adherence, worry, and communication was compared by gender, nationality, age, education, residence, and healthcare follow-up using t-tests and ANOVA. Multivariate regression identified predictors of overall HRQoL.
Most respondents were female (51.3%), 42.8% were between the ages of seven and 12 years, and 94.5% were Saudi nationals. Males reported better HRQoL than females, with fewer symptoms, treatment barriers, and better communication (all p<0.05). Non-Saudis had better treatment adherence, communication, and overall HRQoL than Saudis (all p<0.05). Older children (13-18 years) reported lower treatment barriers than younger children (three to six years) (p<0.05). Those with intermediate education had lower treatment barriers than those with preliminary education (p = 0.038). Only the female gender (-0.171, p = 0.009) independently predicted poorer overall HRQoL.
This study revealed disparities in HRQoL among T1DM children and adolescents. Males, non-Saudis, older children, and those with more education had better HRQoL. Females were at particular risk for poorer outcomes. Targeted interventions are needed to address this region's demographic disparities in diabetes-related HRQoL.
1型糖尿病（T1DM）在沙特阿拉伯青年中日益普遍，尤其是在吉赞地区。这种慢性病需要终身胰岛素治疗，给受影响的青少年带来了重大的日常管理挑战。尽管发病率很高，但对于T1DM如何影响这些个体的健康相关生活质量（HRQoL），仍缺乏显著的研究。
本研究旨在评估沙特阿拉伯吉赞地区T1DM患者的HRQoL及其人口统计学相关性。
在这项横断面研究中，236名T1DM患者完成了儿童生活质量量表糖尿病模块3.0（PedsQL DM）。使用t检验和方差分析，按性别、国籍、年龄、教育程度、居住地点和医疗随访情况，比较了糖尿病症状、治疗障碍、依从性、担忧和沟通等领域的HRQoL。多变量回归确定了总体HRQoL的预测因素。
大多数受访者为女性（51.3%），42.8%的年龄在7至12岁之间，94.5%为沙特国民。男性报告的HRQoL优于女性，症状、治疗障碍更少，沟通更好（所有p<0.05）。非沙特人在治疗依从性、沟通和总体HRQoL方面优于沙特人（所有p<0.05）。年龄较大的儿童（13至18岁）报告的治疗障碍低于年龄较小的儿童（3至6岁）（p<0.05）。受过中等教育的人比受过初等教育的人治疗障碍更低（p = 0.038）。只有女性性别（-0.171，p = 0.009）独立预测总体HRQoL较差。
本研究揭示了T1DM儿童和青少年在HRQoL方面的差异。男性、非沙特人、年龄较大的儿童和受教育程度较高的人HRQoL更好。女性出现较差结果的风险尤其高。需要有针对性的干预措施来解决该地区在糖尿病相关HRQoL方面的人口统计学差异。
