Saechue Benjawan, Atwill Edward R, Jeamsripong Saharuetai
Department of Veterinary Public Health, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Heliyon. 2024 Feb 23;10(5):e26811. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26811. eCollection 2024 Mar 15.
The incidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment is often overlooked and leads to serious health threats under the One Health paradigm. Infection with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria in humans and animals has been widely examined, with the mode of transmission routes such as food, water, and contact with a contaminated environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence and molecular characteristics of resistant () ( = 59) and () ( = 392) isolated from produce commodities collected from fresh markets and supermarkets in Bangkok, Thailand. In this study, the isolates exhibited the highest prevalence of resistance to tetracycline (11.9%) and streptomycin (8.5%), while the isolates were predominantly resistant to tetracycline (22.5%), ampicillin (21.4%), and sulfamethoxazole (11.5%). Among isolates of (6.8%) and (15.3%) were determined as multidrug resistant (MDR). The prevalence of ESBL-producing isolates was 5.1% and 1.0% in and , respectively. A minority of isolates, where a single isolate exclusively carried (n = 1), and another isolate harbored both and (n = 1); similarly, a minority of isolates contained ( = 2) and ( = 1). (11.9%) and (20.2%) were the most common resistant genes found in and respectively. Nine isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin contained point mutations in and . In addition, the odds of resistance to tetracycline among isolates of were positively associated with the co-occurrence of ampicillin resistance and the presence of ( = 0.001), while the isolates were positively associated with ampicillin resistance, streptomycin resistance, and the presence of ( < 0.0001) in this study. In summary, these findings demonstrate that fresh vegetables and fruits, such as cucumbers and tomatoes, can serve as an important source of foodborne AMR and in the greater Bangkok area, especially given the popularity of these fresh commodities in Thai cuisine.
在“同一健康”范式下，环境中抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）的发生率常常被忽视，这会导致严重的健康威胁。对人和动物中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）细菌的感染已有广泛研究，其传播途径包括食物、水以及与受污染环境的接触。本研究的目的是确定从泰国曼谷的新鲜市场和超市采集的农产品中分离出的耐药大肠埃希菌（n = 59）和肺炎克雷伯菌（n = 392）的发生情况及分子特征。在本研究中，大肠埃希菌分离株对四环素（11.9%）和链霉素（8.5%）的耐药率最高，而肺炎克雷伯菌分离株主要对四环素（22.5%）、氨苄西林（21.4%）和磺胺甲恶唑（11.5%）耐药。在大肠埃希菌（6.8%）和肺炎克雷伯菌（15.3%）分离株中，有部分被确定为多重耐药（MDR）。产ESBL分离株在大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌中的发生率分别为5.1%和1.0%。少数大肠埃希菌分离株中，一个分离株仅携带blaCTX-M（n = 1），另一个分离株同时携带blaCTX-M和blaTEM（n = 1）；同样，少数肺炎克雷伯菌分离株含有blaSHV（n = 2）和blaTEM（n = 1）。blaTEM（11.9%）和blaCTX-M（20.2%）分别是在大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌中发现的最常见耐药基因。9株对环丙沙星耐药的分离株在gyrA和parC中存在点突变。此外，在本研究中，大肠埃希菌分离株对四环素耐药的几率与氨苄西林耐药的同时出现以及blaTEM的存在呈正相关（P = 0.001），而肺炎克雷伯菌分离株与氨苄西林耐药、链霉素耐药以及blaTEM的存在呈正相关（P < 0.0001）。总之，这些发现表明，黄瓜和西红柿等新鲜蔬菜和水果可能是曼谷大区食源性AMR大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的重要来源，特别是考虑到这些新鲜农产品在泰国菜肴中的受欢迎程度。
