Mwanza Francis, Komba Erick Vitus Gabriel, Kambarage Dominic Mukama
Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), P.O. Box 3015, Morogoro, Tanzania.
Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, P.O. Box 86, Chongwe, Lusaka, Zambia.
Int J Microbiol. 2021 Feb 16;2021:6633488. doi: 10.1155/2021/6633488. eCollection 2021.
such as O157:H7, a non-sorbitol-fermenting (NSF) , is an essential human pathogen among other common zoonotic pathogens carried by animals especially cattle. They are discharged through cattle faeces into the environment. With the increasing practice of urban farming, livestock manure is used as organic fertiliser in either fish ponds or vegetable gardens. This practice increases the risk of transmission of such pathogens to humans. This study aimed at determining the occurrence, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and genetic relatedness of isolates from manure, vegetables, and fish. Microbiological standard methods were used to isolate and identify isolates from manure, vegetable, and fish samples. Confirmed isolates on biochemical tests were tested for resistance against six antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) typing method was used to generate fingerprints and determine the genetic relatedness of the isolates. Of 156 samples including 89 manure, 53 vegetables, and 16 fish, 36 (23.1%) samples were positive for from where a total of 48 different isolates were recovered that were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and genetic relatedness. Of these isolates, 25 (52.1%) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent and 12 (48.0%) showed multidrug resistance. ERIC-PCR profiles of isolates from manure, vegetables, and fish showed genetic diversity with genetic relatedness ranging from 74.5% to 100%. Nine phylogenetic clusters (I-IX) determined at 90% threshold level of genetic relatedness were identified among the isolates. This study determined the occurrence, antimicrobial resistant patterns, and genetic diversity of antimicrobial-resistant isolates from different sources. This study showed the potential of microbial health risk to humans through contamination, and hence, it is necessary to monitor and improve husbandry practices in urban farming.
例如O157:H7，一种非山梨醇发酵型（NSF），是人类重要的病原体，在动物尤其是牛携带的其他常见人畜共患病原体中存在。它们通过牛粪排放到环境中。随着城市农业的日益普及，家畜粪便被用作鱼塘或菜园的有机肥料。这种做法增加了此类病原体传播给人类的风险。本研究旨在确定从粪便、蔬菜和鱼类中分离出的菌株的发生率、抗菌药物耐药性谱以及遗传相关性。采用微生物学标准方法从粪便、蔬菜和鱼类样本中分离和鉴定菌株。对生化试验中确认的菌株使用纸片扩散法检测其对六种抗生素的耐药性。采用肠杆菌重复基因间共有序列聚合酶链反应（ERIC-PCR）分型方法生成指纹图谱并确定分离菌株的遗传相关性。在156个样本中，包括89份粪便、53份蔬菜和16份鱼类样本，36份（23.1%）样本检测出阳性，从中共分离出48株不同的菌株，并对其进行了抗菌药物敏感性测试和遗传相关性分析。在这些分离菌株中，25株（52.1%）对至少一种抗菌药物耐药，12株（48.0%）表现出多重耐药。来自粪便、蔬菜和鱼类的分离菌株的ERIC-PCR图谱显示出遗传多样性，遗传相关性范围为74.5%至100%。在分离菌株中确定了9个在90%遗传相关性阈值水平下的系统发育簇（I-IX）。本研究确定了来自不同来源的抗菌药物耐药性菌株的发生率、抗菌药物耐药模式和遗传多样性。本研究表明了通过污染对人类造成微生物健康风险的可能性，因此，有必要监测并改善城市农业中的饲养管理措施。
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