Child Health Department, The First Hospital of Hohhot, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China (mainland).
Neurophysiology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China (mainland).
Med Sci Monit. 2024 Mar 7;30:e942845. doi: 10.12659/MSM.942845.
BACKGROUND This retrospective study evaluated the effects of specific COVID-19 preventive measures, including the use of medical masks, nucleic acid testing, and patient isolation, on respiratory infections, disease severity, and seasonal patterns among children in Hohhot, located in northern China. Understanding these alterations is pivotal in developing effective strategies to handle pediatric respiratory infections within the context of continuous public health initiatives. MATERIAL AND METHODS At the First Hospital of Hohhot, throat swabs were collected from 605 children with community-acquired respiratory between January 2022 and March 2023 for pathogen infection spectrum detection using microarray testing. RESULTS Among the patients, 56.03% were male, and their average age was 3.45 years. SARS-CoV-2 infections were highest between October 2022 and January 2023. Influenza A peaked in March 2023, and other pathogens such as respiratory syncytial virus and influenza B virus disappeared after December 2022. The proportion of mixed infections was 41.94% among SARS-CoV-2 patients, while other pathogens had mixed infection rates exceeding 57.14%. Before December 2022, the mean WBC count for Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae was 8.83×10⁹/L, CRP was 18.36 mg/L, and PCT was 1.11 ng/ml. After December 2022, these values decreased significantly. Coughing, difficulty breathing, running nose, and lower respiratory tract infection diagnoses decreased in December 2022, except for SARS-CoV-2 infections. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 peaked around November 2022, influenza A peaked in March 2023, and other pathogens like respiratory syncytial virus and influenza B virus were greatly reduced after December 2022. Inflammatory markers and respiratory symptoms decreased after December 2022, except for SARS-CoV-2.
本回顾性研究评估了特定 COVID-19 预防措施（包括使用医用口罩、核酸检测和患者隔离）对中国北方呼和浩特市儿童呼吸道感染、疾病严重程度和季节性模式的影响。了解这些变化对于制定在持续公共卫生措施背景下处理儿科呼吸道感染的有效策略至关重要。
在呼和浩特市第一医院，2022 年 1 月至 2023 年 3 月期间，采集了 605 例社区获得性呼吸道感染儿童的咽拭子，使用微阵列检测进行病原体感染谱检测。
在患者中，56.03%为男性，平均年龄为 3.45 岁。SARS-CoV-2 感染在 2022 年 10 月至 2023 年 1 月之间最高。2023 年 3 月甲型流感达到高峰，其他病原体如呼吸道合胞病毒和乙型流感病毒在 2022 年 12 月后消失。SARS-CoV-2 患者中混合感染的比例为 41.94%，而其他病原体的混合感染率超过 57.14%。在 2022 年 12 月之前，肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌的白细胞计数平均值为 8.83×10⁹/L，C 反应蛋白为 18.36mg/L，降钙素原（PCT）为 1.11ng/ml。2022 年 12 月后，这些值显著下降。除了 SARS-CoV-2 感染外，2022 年 12 月咳嗽、呼吸困难、流鼻涕和下呼吸道感染的诊断减少。
SARS-CoV-2 于 2022 年 11 月左右达到高峰，甲型流感于 2023 年 3 月达到高峰，其他病原体如呼吸道合胞病毒和乙型流感病毒在 2022 年 12 月后大大减少。除了 SARS-CoV-2 外，2022 年 12 月后炎症标志物和呼吸道症状减少。
