Institute for Bee Protection, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Messeweg 11-12, 38104, Braunschweig, Germany.
Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 4, 38106, Brauschweig, Germany.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2024 Apr;31(18):26618-26627. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-32753-9. Epub 2024 Mar 7.
Biopesticides, having as active ingredients viruses, bacteria, or fungi, are developed to substitute or reduce the use of chemical plant protection products in different agrosystems. Though the application of mixtures containing several products is a common practice, interactions between microbial biopesticides and related effects on bees as non-target organisms have not been studied yet. In the current study, we exposed winter bees to five different microbial-based products and their combinations at the maximum recommended application rate to assess their responses. Laboratory oral exposure tests (acute/chronic) to single or binary products were conducted. Survival and food consumption of the tested bees were evaluated over the experimental duration. Our results show that some product combinations have potential additive or synergistic effects on bees, whereas others did not affect the bee's survival compared to the control. Exposure of tested bees to the most critical combination of products containing Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai ABTS-1857 and B. amyloliquefaciens QST 713 strongly resulted in a median lifespan of 4.5 days compared to 8.0 and 8.5 days after exposure to the solo products, respectively. The exposure to inactivated microorganisms by autoclaving them did not differ from their respective uncontaminated negative controls, indicating effects on bee mortality might originate in the treatment with the different microorganisms or their metabolites. Further investigations should be conducted under field conditions to prove the magnitude of observed effects on bee colonies and other bee species.
生物农药的活性成分是病毒、细菌或真菌，旨在替代或减少不同农业系统中化学植保产品的使用。尽管混合使用几种产品是一种常见的做法，但微生物生物农药之间的相互作用及其对非靶标生物蜜蜂的相关影响尚未得到研究。在本研究中，我们以最大推荐使用浓度将冬季蜜蜂暴露于五种不同的基于微生物的产品及其组合中，以评估它们的反应。对单一或二元产品进行了实验室口服暴露测试（急性/慢性）。在整个实验期间，评估了测试蜜蜂的生存和食物消耗情况。我们的研究结果表明，一些产品组合对蜜蜂具有潜在的加性或协同作用，而其他产品组合与对照相比并未影响蜜蜂的生存。与单独使用产品相比，暴露于含有苏云金芽孢杆菌 aizawai ABTS-1857 和解淀粉芽孢杆菌 QST 713 的最关键产品组合的测试蜜蜂的中位寿命明显缩短，分别为 4.5 天和 8.0 天和 8.5 天。通过高压灭菌使微生物失活的暴露与各自未污染的阴性对照没有差异，这表明对蜜蜂死亡率的影响可能源于用不同的微生物或其代谢物进行处理。应在田间条件下进行进一步调查，以证明对蜜蜂种群和其他蜜蜂物种观察到的影响的严重程度。
