Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Department of Vitreo-Retinal Services, Pushpagiri Vitreo Retina Institute, Secunderabad, India.
Indian J Ophthalmol. 2024 Jul 1;72(7):994-1000. doi: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_2785_22. Epub 2024 Mar 8.
To estimate the magnitude, determinants, and causes of visual impairment (VI) and blindness among people >40 years.
In this cross-sectional survey, 2,968 people >40 years from 34 clusters were examined. A cluster random sampling method with a compact segment sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Prevalence of any VI (presenting visual acuity (PVA) <6/12 in better eye), severe VI (PVA <6/60 - 3/60), and blindness (PVA <3/60 in better eye) were expressed as percentage with 95% confidence interval. Logistic regression was performed to determine the risk factors associated with blindness. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
The mean age of the participants was 54.6 years (Standard deviation ± 11.2 years). The prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe visual impairment was 14.2% (12.95-15.49), 13.7% (12.46-14.97), and 0.7% (0.47-1.12), respectively. The prevalence of blindness was 1.3% (0.94-1.79, n = 39). The overall prevalence of VI (presenting Visual Acuity <6/12) was 12.0% (95% CI: 10.8-13.2%). The major causes of VI were cataract (78.08%), refractive error (12.07%), and optic atrophy (2.22%), and corneal opacity (2.22%) and the major cause of blindness was cataract (77.27%). Blindness was strongly associated with increasing age- OR 17.1 (95% CI: 4.9-59.8) for people >70 years, and OR 7.6 (95% CI: 2.2-26.5) for people aged between 60 and 69 years compared to those aged 41-50 years and people living near coastal regions (Within 50 km of coast) (OR: 3.9, 95% CI: 1.6-7.3).
Blindness and vision impairment are of public health concern in this geographic region. Eye care services need to be augmented to address this challenge.
评估 40 岁以上人群的视力障碍（VI）和失明的程度、决定因素和原因。
在这项横断面调查中，对来自 34 个群组的 2968 名 40 岁以上的人群进行了检查。采用聚类随机抽样方法和紧凑段抽样技术选择研究参与者。任何 VI（最佳眼视力（PVA）<6/12）、严重 VI（PVA<6/60-3/60）和失明（最佳眼视力（PVA）<3/60）的患病率均以百分比表示，置信区间为 95%。使用逻辑回归确定与失明相关的危险因素。P 值<0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。
参与者的平均年龄为 54.6 岁（标准差±11.2 岁）。轻度、中度和重度视力障碍的患病率分别为 14.2%（12.95-15.49）、13.7%（12.46-14.97）和 0.7%（0.47-1.12）。失明的患病率为 1.3%（0.94-1.79，n=39）。总体 VI（最佳视力（PVA）<6/12）患病率为 12.0%（95%CI：10.8-13.2%）。VI 的主要原因是白内障（78.08%）、屈光不正（12.07%）和视神经萎缩（2.22%），以及角膜混浊（2.22%）和失明的主要原因是白内障（77.27%）。失明与年龄呈强相关-年龄>70 岁的人群 OR 17.1（95%CI：4.9-59.8），年龄在 60-69 岁的人群 OR 7.6（95%CI：2.2-26.5）与年龄在 41-50 岁的人群相比，生活在沿海地区（距离海岸 50 公里以内）的人群（OR：3.9，95%CI：1.6-7.3）。
在该地理区域，失明和视力障碍是公共卫生关注的问题。需要增加眼保健服务来应对这一挑战。
