MTA-DE Momentum, Genome Architecture and Recombination Research Group, Department of Molecular and Nanopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
Biol Futur. 2024 Jun;75(2):177-182. doi: 10.1007/s42977-024-00213-7. Epub 2024 Mar 8.
R-loops, composed of DNA-RNA hybrids and displaced single-stranded DNA, are known to pose a severe threat to genome integrity. Therefore, extensive research has focused on identifying regulatory proteins involved in controlling R-loop levels. These proteins play critical roles in preventing R-loop accumulation and associated genome instability. Herein I summarize recent knowledge on R-loop regulators affecting R-loop homeostasis, involving a wide array of R-loop screening methods that have enabled their characterization, from forward genetic and siRNA-based screens to proximity labeling and machine learning. These approaches not only deepen our understanding on R-loop formation processes, but also hold promise to find new targets in R-loop dysregulation associated with human pathologies.
R 环由 DNA-RNA 杂合体和移位的单链 DNA 组成，已知会对基因组完整性造成严重威胁。因此，大量研究集中在鉴定参与控制 R 环水平的调节蛋白上。这些蛋白质在防止 R 环积累和相关的基因组不稳定性方面起着关键作用。在这里，我总结了最近关于影响 R 环动态平衡的 R 环调节蛋白的知识，包括广泛的 R 环筛选方法，这些方法使我们能够对其进行表征，从正向遗传学和 siRNA 筛选到邻近标记和机器学习。这些方法不仅加深了我们对 R 环形成过程的理解，而且有望找到与人类病理相关的 R 环失调的新靶点。
