Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, CAS, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, CAS, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
Plant Mol Biol. 2024 Mar 8;114(2):24. doi: 10.1007/s11103-024-01425-0.
Soil salinity hampers the survival and productivity of crops. To minimize salt-associated damages in plant, better salt management practices in agriculture have become a prerequisite. Seed priming with different halo-agents is a technique, which improves the primed plant's endurance to tackle sodium. Salt tolerance is achieved in tolerant plants through fundamental physiological mechanisms- ion-exclusion and tissue tolerance, and salt-tolerant plants may (Na accumulators) or may not (Na excluders) allow sodium movement to leaves. While Na excluders depend on ion exclusion in roots, Na accumulators are proficient Na managers that can compartmentalize Na in leaves and use them beneficially as inexpensive osmoticum. Salt-sensitive plants are Na accumulators, but their inherent tissue tolerance ability and ion-exclusion process are insufficient for tolerance. Seed priming with different halo-agents aids in 'rewiring' of the salt tolerance mechanisms of plants. The resetting of the salt tolerance mechanism is not universal for every halo-agent and might vary with halo-agents. Here, we review the physiological mechanisms that different halo-agents target to confer enhanced salt tolerance in primed plants. Calcium and potassium-specific halo-agents trigger Na exclusion in roots, thus ensuring a low amount of Na in leaves. In contrast, Na-specific priming agents favour processes for Na inclusion in leaves, improve plant tissue tolerance or vacuolar sequestration, and provide the greatest benefit to salt-sensitive and sodium accumulating plants. Overall, this review will help to understand the underlying mechanism behind plant's inherent nature towards salt management and its amelioration with different halo-agents, which helps to optimize crop stress performance.
土壤盐度会阻碍作物的生存和生产力。为了最大限度地减少植物中与盐相关的损害，更好的农业盐管理实践已成为前提。不同卤化物处理种子是一种提高植物耐钠能力的技术。耐盐植物通过基本的生理机制——离子排斥和组织耐受性来实现耐盐性，耐盐植物可能（Na 积累者）或可能不（Na 排斥者）允许钠离子向叶片移动。虽然 Na 排斥者依赖于根中的离子排斥，但 Na 积累者是能够将 Na 分隔在叶片中并将其作为廉价渗透物有益利用的高效 Na 管理者。盐敏感植物是 Na 积累者，但它们固有的组织耐受性能力和离子排斥过程不足以耐受盐分。用不同卤化物处理种子有助于“重新布线”植物的耐盐机制。重置耐盐机制并非对每种卤化物都通用，可能因卤化物而异。在这里，我们回顾了不同卤化物处理种子赋予植物增强耐盐性的目标生理机制。钙和钾特异性卤化物触发根中的 Na 排斥，从而确保叶片中 Na 含量低。相比之下，Na 特异性引发剂有利于 Na 纳入叶片的过程，提高植物组织耐受性或液泡隔离，并为盐敏感和 Na 积累植物提供最大益处。总的来说，这篇综述将有助于理解植物固有的耐盐性及其与不同卤化物处理种子的改善背后的潜在机制，这有助于优化作物的胁迫性能。
