Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
Dev Biol. 2024 Jun;510:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.03.001. Epub 2024 Mar 6.
Vertebrate skin appendages - particularly avian feathers and mammalian hairs, glands and teeth - are perennially useful systems for investigating fundamental mechanisms of development. The most common type of skin appendage in teleost fishes is the elasmoid scale, yet this structure has received much less attention than the skin appendages of tetrapods. Elasmoid scales are thin, overlapping plates of partially mineralized extracellular matrices, deposited in the skin in a hexagonal pattern by a specialized population of dermal cells in cooperation with the overlying epidermis. Recent years have seen rapid progress in our understanding of elasmoid scale development and regeneration, driven by the deployment of developmental genetics, live imaging and transcriptomics in larval and adult zebrafish. These findings are reviewed together with histological and ultrastructural approaches to understanding scale development and regeneration.
脊椎动物的皮肤附属物 - 特别是鸟类的羽毛和哺乳动物的毛发、腺体和牙齿 - 一直是研究发育基本机制的有用系统。硬骨鱼类最常见的皮肤附属物是板鳞，然而，与四足动物的皮肤附属物相比，这种结构受到的关注要少得多。板鳞是由部分矿化的细胞外基质组成的薄、重叠的鳞片，由真皮细胞的一个特殊群体与上覆的表皮合作，以六边形图案沉积在皮肤中。近年来，由于在幼鱼和成年斑马鱼中应用发育遗传学、活体成像和转录组学，我们对板鳞鳞片发育和再生的理解取得了快速进展。本文综述了这些发现，并结合组织学和超微结构方法来理解鳞片的发育和再生。
