Comperchio Elise, Reimer Becky, Juliano Theresa, Mayfield Andrea, Wishart Marisa
NORC at the University of Chicago, 55 East Monroe Street, Suite 3000, Chicago, IL, 60603, USA.
Health Place. 2024 Mar;86:103221. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103221. Epub 2024 Mar 8.
A variety of factors influenced the American public's experiences with the COVID-19 pandemic and initial availability and uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. To examine variation in early COVID-19 vaccine uptake based on neighborhood disadvantage along with individual sociodemographic and health characteristics, we used Spring 2021 data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS), a nationally representative, longitudinal survey of the Medicare population conducted by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Bivariate analyses showed that beneficiaries in disadvantaged neighborhoods were less likely to have received at least one vaccine dose than those in less disadvantaged neighborhoods (49.7%, SE = 1.6 versus 66.6%, SE = 1.0, p < 0.0001). After accounting for individual characteristics, the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and vaccine uptake was not statistically significant. However, interaction effects of neighborhood disadvantage by urbanicity showed a more complex picture, where those in disadvantaged urban areas had the lowest odds of vaccine uptake (p < 0.01). The relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and vaccination is multifaceted, requiring further research to inform future vaccination efforts targeting the most vulnerable beneficiaries.
多种因素影响了美国公众在新冠疫情期间的经历以及新冠疫苗的最初可及性和接种情况。为了基于社区劣势以及个体社会人口统计学和健康特征来研究早期新冠疫苗接种情况的差异，我们使用了医疗保险当前受益人调查（MCBS）2021年春季的数据，该调查是由医疗保险和医疗补助服务中心对医疗保险人群进行的一项具有全国代表性的纵向调查。双变量分析表明，处于劣势社区的受益人比处于劣势较小社区的受益人接种至少一剂疫苗的可能性更低（49.7%，标准误=1.6，而66.6%，标准误=1.0，p<0.0001）。在考虑个体特征后，社区劣势与疫苗接种之间的关系无统计学意义。然而，社区劣势与城市化程度的交互作用呈现出更为复杂的情况，处于劣势城市地区的人群疫苗接种几率最低（p<0.01）。社区劣势与疫苗接种之间的关系是多方面的，需要进一步研究以为未来针对最脆弱受益人的疫苗接种工作提供信息。
