Nagame Yuichiro, Sato Tetsuya K
Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA).
Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci. 2024;100(3):165-189. doi: 10.2183/pjab.100.011.
The chemical characterization of the heaviest elements at the farthest reach of the periodic table (PT) and the classification of these elements in the PT are undoubtedly crucial and challenging subjects in chemical and physical sciences. The elucidation of the influence of relativistic effects on their outermost electronic configuration is also a critical and fascinating aspect. However, the heaviest elements with atomic numbers Z ≳ 100 must be produced at accelerators using nuclear reactions of heavy ions and target materials. Therefore, production rates for these elements are low, and their half-lives are as short as a few seconds to a few minutes; they are usually available in a quantity of only a few atoms at a time. Here, we review some highlighted studies on heavy actinide and light transactinide chemical characterization performed at the Japan Atomic Energy Agency tandem accelerator facility. We discuss briefly the prospects for future studies of the heaviest elements.
对元素周期表（PT）最远端最重元素进行化学表征以及在元素周期表中对这些元素进行分类，无疑是化学和物理科学中至关重要且具有挑战性的课题。阐明相对论效应对其最外层电子构型的影响也是一个关键且引人入胜的方面。然而，原子序数Z≳100的最重元素必须在加速器中通过重离子与靶材料的核反应来产生。因此，这些元素的产率很低，半衰期短至几秒到几分钟；通常每次只能获得少量几个原子。在此，我们回顾一些在日本原子能机构串联加速器设施中进行的关于重锕系元素和轻超锕系元素化学表征的重点研究。我们简要讨论了未来对最重元素研究的前景。
