Ezquerra Condeminas Pol, Mallol Milos, Font Roger, Tremps Victor, Gutiérrez Jose Antonio, Rodas Gil, Perera Lluna Alexandre, Soria José Manuel
Department of Innovation and Development Area, Beyond You (Exheus S.L.), Barcelona, Spain.
b2slab, Universitat Politècnica de Barcelona (UPC), Barcelona, Spain.
PLoS One. 2024 Mar 11;19(3):e0299556. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299556. eCollection 2024.
This study aims to comprehend the impact of handball practice on sub-elite athletes by investigating transcriptomic changes that occur during a match. The primary focus encompasses a dual objective: firstly, to identify and characterize these transcriptomic alterations, and secondly, to establish correlations between internal factors (gene expression), and external loads measured through Electronic Performance and Tracking Systems (EPTS variables). Ultimately, this comprehensive analysis seeks to evaluate both acute and chronic responses to exercise within the context of handball training.
The study included sixteen elite male athletes from the FC Barcelona handball second team. Blood samples were extracted at three different time points: before the match at baseline levels (T1), immediately upon completion (T2), and 24 hours after completion (T3). Differential gene expression, Gene Ontology Term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were conducted in two comparisons: Comparison 1 (T1 vs T2) and Comparison 2 (T1 vs T3). Further, the correlation between gene expression levels and training variables (external load) was conducted.
In T1 vs T2, 3717 of the 14632 genes detected were differentially expressed (adjusted p-value < 0.05), and enrichment of terms related to the immune system, mitochondria, and metabolic processes was found. Further, significant linear correlations were obtained between High-Speed running (HSR) and high-intensity variables such as acceleration ACC and deceleration DEC values with amino acids, and inflammatory and oxidative environment-related pathways, both in chronic and acute response.
This research highlights the effects of external workload on elite athletes during a handball match and throughout the season. The study identifies deregulation in the immune system, mitochondrial functions, and various metabolic pathways during the match. Additionally, it establishes correlations between the external load and pathways associated with amino acids, inflammation, oxidative environment, and regulation. These findings offer insights into the immediate and chronic responses of athletes to physical effort.
本研究旨在通过调查比赛期间发生的转录组变化，了解手球训练对次精英运动员的影响。主要重点包括两个目标：第一，识别并表征这些转录组改变；第二，建立内部因素（基因表达）与通过电子性能与追踪系统测量的外部负荷（EPTS变量）之间的相关性。最终，这一全面分析旨在评估在手球训练背景下对运动的急性和慢性反应。
该研究纳入了巴塞罗那足球俱乐部手球二队的16名精英男性运动员。在三个不同时间点采集血样：比赛前的基线水平（T1）、比赛结束后立即采集（T2）以及比赛结束后24小时采集（T3）。在两个比较中进行了差异基因表达、基因本体术语和京都基因与基因组百科全书通路富集分析：比较1（T1与T2）和比较2（T1与T3）。此外，还进行了基因表达水平与训练变量（外部负荷）之间的相关性分析。
在T1与T2的比较中，检测到的14632个基因中有3717个差异表达（校正p值<0.05），并发现了与免疫系统、线粒体和代谢过程相关的术语富集。此外，在慢性和急性反应中，高速奔跑（HSR）以及诸如加速度ACC和减速度DEC值等高强度变量与氨基酸以及炎症和氧化环境相关通路之间均获得了显著的线性相关性。
本研究突出了外部工作量在手球比赛期间及整个赛季对精英运动员的影响。该研究识别出比赛期间免疫系统、线粒体功能和各种代谢通路的失调。此外，还建立了外部负荷与氨基酸、炎症、氧化环境和调节相关通路之间的相关性。这些发现为运动员对体力消耗的即时和慢性反应提供了见解。
