Guan Xiyuan, Xing Simin, Liu Yang
Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Analytical Methods and Instrumentation, Kay Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2024 Feb 23;14(5):413. doi: 10.3390/nano14050413.
Recent strides in nanomaterials science have paved the way for the creation of reliable, effective, highly accurate, and user-friendly biomedical systems. Pioneering the integration of natural cell membranes into sophisticated nanocarrier architectures, cell membrane camouflage has emerged as a transformative approach for regulated drug delivery, offering the benefits of minimal immunogenicity coupled with active targeting capabilities. Nevertheless, the utility of nanomaterials with such camouflage is curtailed by challenges like suboptimal targeting precision and lackluster therapeutic efficacy. Tailored cell membrane engineering stands at the forefront of biomedicine, equipping nanoplatforms with the capacity to conduct more complex operations. This review commences with an examination of prevailing methodologies in cell membrane engineering, spotlighting strategies such as direct chemical modification, lipid insertion, membrane hybridization, metabolic glycan labeling, and genetic engineering. Following this, an evaluation of the unique attributes of various nanomaterials is presented, delivering an in-depth scrutiny of the substantial advancements and applications driven by cutting-edge engineered cell membrane camouflage. The discourse culminates by recapitulating the salient influence of engineered cell membrane camouflage within nanomaterial applications and prognosticates its seminal role in transformative healthcare technologies. It is envisaged that the insights offered herein will catalyze novel avenues for the innovation and refinement of engineered cell membrane camouflaged nanotechnologies.
纳米材料科学的最新进展为创建可靠、有效、高度准确且用户友好的生物医学系统铺平了道路。细胞膜伪装作为一种将天然细胞膜整合到复杂纳米载体结构中的开创性方法，已成为一种用于调控药物递送的变革性方法，具有最小免疫原性和主动靶向能力的优势。然而，这种具有伪装功能的纳米材料的实用性受到诸如靶向精度欠佳和治疗效果不佳等挑战的限制。定制细胞膜工程处于生物医学前沿，使纳米平台具备进行更复杂操作的能力。本综述首先考察细胞膜工程中的现有方法，重点介绍直接化学修饰、脂质插入、膜杂交、代谢聚糖标记和基因工程等策略。在此之后，对各种纳米材料的独特属性进行评估，深入审视由前沿工程化细胞膜伪装推动的重大进展和应用。论述最后总结工程化细胞膜伪装在纳米材料应用中的显著影响，并预测其在变革性医疗技术中的关键作用。预计本文提供的见解将为工程化细胞膜伪装纳米技术的创新和改进催生出新途径。
