Politeo Olivera, Ćurlin Pavao, Brzović Petra, Auzende Killian, Magné Christian, Generalić Mekinić Ivana
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, R. Boškovića 35, HR-21000 Split, Croatia.
Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, R. Boškovića 35, HR-21000 Split, Croatia.
Foods. 2024 Feb 24;13(5):695. doi: 10.3390/foods13050695.
Sea fennel is a halophytic plant rich in valuable nutritional components and is characterized by pleasant organoleptic properties. While its essential oils (EOs) are well investigated, there are no reports on the volatiles from their corresponding hydrolates, which are the main by-products of EO isolation, as well as on their biological activity. Therefore, the composition and biological activities of EOs and corresponding hydrolates of sea fennel from Atlantic (French, FRA) and Mediterranean (Croatian, CRO) ecotypes were investigated and compared. The EO from the CRO sample was characterized by an abundance of sabinene and limonene, while that from the FRA ecotype was rich in dillapiol and carvacryl methyl ether. The CRO hydrolate was rich in terpinen-4-ol and 10-(acetylmethyl)-3-carene, while dillapiol, thymyl methyl ether and -terpinene were the main compounds in the FRA sea fennel hydrolate. The biological activities of the EOs and hydrolates were evaluated for their antioxidant (with DPPH, NO, FRAP and ORAC bioassays), antimicrobial (against some Gram+ and Gram- spoilage bacteria) and antiageing (tyrosinase, elastase and collagenase inhibition) activities. Both EOs showed low reducing powers and antiradical activities while the ability of both hydrolates to quench NO was slightly higher (35-39% if inhibition). The FRA EO showed low activity against (8 mm), while CRO moderately inhibited the growth of (8 mm), but strongly inhibited the other two bacterial strains. While the French EO showed no antityrosinase and anticollagenase activity, the Croatian oil significantly inhibited both enzymes (IC of 650 µg/mL and IC of 2570 µg/mL, respectively) probably due to the dominance of limonene and sabinene. Neither EO exhibited antielastase properties, while the hydrolates from both ecotypes showed no antiageing activity, regardless of the enzyme tested. The EOs from the aerial parts of sea fennel from FRA and CRO differed greatly in composition, resulting in different activities. The Croatian samples appeared to have better biological properties and are therefore good candidates for applications as preservatives or antiageing agents.
海茴香是一种富含珍贵营养成分的盐生植物，具有宜人的感官特性。虽然其精油（EOs）已得到充分研究，但关于其相应水解产物（EO分离的主要副产物）的挥发物及其生物活性尚无报道。因此，对来自大西洋（法国，FRA）和地中海（克罗地亚，CRO）生态型的海茴香的EOs及其相应水解产物的组成和生物活性进行了研究和比较。CRO样品的EO以大量的桧烯和柠檬烯为特征，而FRA生态型的EO富含莳萝脑和香芹酚甲醚。CRO水解产物富含萜品-4-醇和10-（乙酰甲基）-3-蒈烯，而莳萝脑、百里香酚甲醚和对异丙基苯是FRA海茴香水解产物中的主要化合物。通过DPPH、NO、FRAP和ORAC生物测定法评估了EOs和水解产物的抗氧化活性，通过对一些革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性腐败细菌的抗菌活性以及对酪氨酸酶、弹性蛋白酶和胶原酶的抑制活性评估了其抗老化活性。两种EOs均显示出较低的还原能力和抗自由基活性，而两种水解产物淬灭NO的能力略高（抑制率为35 - 39%）。FRA EO对[具体细菌名称未给出]显示出低活性（抑菌圈直径8 mm），而CRO适度抑制[具体细菌名称未给出]的生长（抑菌圈直径8 mm），但强烈抑制其他两种细菌菌株。虽然法国EO没有显示出抗酪氨酸酶和抗胶原酶活性，但克罗地亚精油显著抑制这两种酶（IC50分别为650 µg/mL和2570 µg/mL），这可能是由于柠檬烯和桧烯占主导地位。两种EOs均未表现出抗弹性蛋白酶特性，而来自两种生态型的水解产物无论测试何种酶均未显示出抗老化活性。来自FRA和CRO的海茴香地上部分的EOs在组成上有很大差异，导致活性不同。克罗地亚样品似乎具有更好的生物学特性，因此是作为防腐剂或抗老化剂应用的良好候选物。
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