Dzhoglova Velina, Ivanova Stanislava, Shishmanova-Doseva Michaela, Saracheva Kremena
Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Research Institute, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Molecules. 2025 Jul 1;30(13):2832. doi: 10.3390/molecules30132832.
Members of the family have been recognized since antiquity for their health-promoting properties. The halophytic species L. (commonly known as sea fennel) has been used in traditional medicine since antiquity, largely due to its diverse and bioactive phytochemical composition. The plant's complex chemical composition includes terpenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, dietary fibers, fatty acids, and essential vitamins. Essential oils (EOs) extracted from L. have demonstrated a wide range of biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer effects. Moreover, recent evidence suggests additional biofunctional roles such as cognitive enhancement and the inhibition of melanin synthesis in the skin. Extracts of the plant exhibit significant bioactivity, having shown antiparasitic, hypoglycemic, vasodilatory, and probiotic effects in preliminary studies. Despite this pharmacological potential, the number of experimental studies (particularly in vivo investigations) remains limited. The present review consolidates existing in vitro and in vivo research on L. with an analysis of 79 scientific studies aimed at elucidating its therapeutic potential and identifying future research directions necessary to support its broader application in biomedical and functional food contexts.
自古以来，该科植物因其促进健康的特性而被人们所认识。盐生植物L.（俗称海茴香）自古以来就在传统医学中使用，这主要归功于其多样且具有生物活性的植物化学成分。该植物复杂的化学成分包括萜类化合物、酚酸、黄酮类化合物、单宁、膳食纤维、脂肪酸和必需维生素。从L.中提取的精油已显示出广泛的生物活性，包括抗菌、抗真菌、抗炎、抗氧化和抗癌作用。此外，最近的证据表明其还有其他生物功能作用，如增强认知和抑制皮肤中黑色素的合成。该植物提取物具有显著的生物活性，在初步研究中已显示出抗寄生虫、降血糖、血管舒张和益生菌作用。尽管有这种药理潜力，但实验研究的数量（特别是体内研究）仍然有限。本综述整合了关于L.的现有体外和体内研究，并分析了79项科学研究，旨在阐明其治疗潜力，并确定支持其在生物医学和功能性食品领域更广泛应用所需的未来研究方向。
