Hato Laura, Vizcay Angel, Eguren Iñaki, Pérez-Gracia José L, Rodríguez Javier, Gállego Pérez-Larraya Jaime, Sarobe Pablo, Inogés Susana, Díaz de Cerio Ascensión López, Santisteban Marta
Immunology, Riberalab, 03203 Alicante, Spain.
Medical Oncology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
Cancers (Basel). 2024 Feb 28;16(5):981. doi: 10.3390/cancers16050981.
Cancer immunotherapy modulates the immune system, overcomes immune escape and stimulates immune defenses against tumors. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional promoters of immune responses against tumor antigens with the outstanding ability to coordinate the innate and adaptive immune systems. Evidence suggests that there is a decrease in both the number and function of DCs in cancer patients. Therefore, they represent a strong scaffold for therapeutic interventions. DC vaccination (DCV) is safe, and the antitumoral responses induced are well established in solid tumors. Although the addition of checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) to chemotherapy has provided new options in the treatment of cancer, they have shown no clinical benefit in immune desert tumors or in those tumors with dysfunctional or exhausted T-cells. In this way, DC-based therapy has demonstrated the ability to modify the tumor microenvironment for immune enriched tumors and to potentiate systemic host immune responses as an active approach to treating cancer patients. Application of DCV in cancer seeks to obtain long-term antitumor responses through an improved T-cell priming by enhancing previous or generating de novo immune responses. To date, DCV has induced immune responses in the peripheral blood of patients without a significant clinical impact on outcome. Thus, improvements in vaccines formulations, selection of patients based on biomarkers and combinations with other antitumoral therapies are needed to enhance patient survival. In this work, we review the role of DCV in different solid tumors with their strengths and weaknesses, and we finally mention new trends to improve the efficacy of this immune strategy.
癌症免疫疗法可调节免疫系统，克服免疫逃逸并刺激针对肿瘤的免疫防御。树突状细胞（DCs）是针对肿瘤抗原的免疫反应的专业促进者，具有协调先天和适应性免疫系统的卓越能力。有证据表明，癌症患者体内DCs的数量和功能均有所下降。因此，它们是治疗干预的有力支撑。DC疫苗接种（DCV）是安全的，并且在实体瘤中诱导的抗肿瘤反应已得到充分证实。尽管在化疗中添加检查点抑制剂（CPIs）为癌症治疗提供了新选择，但它们在免疫荒漠肿瘤或T细胞功能失调或耗竭的肿瘤中并未显示出临床益处。通过这种方式，基于DC的疗法已证明能够改变免疫富集肿瘤的肿瘤微环境，并增强全身宿主免疫反应，作为治疗癌症患者的一种积极方法。DCV在癌症治疗中的应用旨在通过增强先前的或产生新的免疫反应来改善T细胞启动，从而获得长期抗肿瘤反应。迄今为止，DCV已在患者外周血中诱导免疫反应，但对结果没有显著的临床影响。因此，需要改进疫苗配方、基于生物标志物选择患者并与其他抗肿瘤疗法联合使用，以提高患者生存率。在这项工作中，我们回顾了DCV在不同实体瘤中的作用及其优缺点，最后提到了提高这种免疫策略疗效的新趋势。
