Sámano Reyna, Martínez-Rojano Hugo, Chico-Barba Gabriela, Gamboa Ricardo, Mendoza-Flores María Eugenia, Robles-Alarcón Francisco Javier, Pérez-Martínez Itzel, Monroy-Muñoz Irma Eloisa
Coordinación de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 11000, Mexico.
Programa de Posgrado Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Mar 6;25(5):3039. doi: 10.3390/ijms25053039.
Excessive or insufficient gestational weight gain (GWG) leads to diverse adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. There is evidence that pregestational body mass index (pBMI) plays a role in GWG, but no genetic cause has been identified. In this review, we aim to analyze genotype variants associated with GWG. Results: We identified seven genotype variants that may be involved in GWG regulation that were analyzed in studies carried out in Brazil, Romania, the USA, Turkey, Ukraine, and Canada. Some genetic variants were only associated with GWG in certain races or depending on the pBMI. In women who were obese or overweight before gestation, some genetic variants were associated with GWG. Environmental and genetic factors together showed a greater association with GWG than genetic factors alone; for example, type of diet was observed to have a significant influence. Conclusions: We found little scientific evidence of an association between genotype variants in countries with a high prevalence of women of reproductive age who are overweight and obese, such as in Latin America. GWG may be more dependent on environmental factors than genetic variants. We suggest a deeper study of genetic variants, cytokines, and their possible association with GWG, always with the respective control of potential cofounding factors, such as pBMI, diet, and race.
孕期体重增加过多或过少会导致多种不良的母婴结局。有证据表明孕前体重指数（pBMI）在孕期体重增加中起作用，但尚未确定其遗传原因。在本综述中，我们旨在分析与孕期体重增加相关的基因变异。结果：我们鉴定出七个可能参与孕期体重增加调节的基因变异，这些变异在巴西、罗马尼亚、美国、土耳其、乌克兰和加拿大开展的研究中进行了分析。一些基因变异仅在特定种族中或取决于孕前体重指数与孕期体重增加相关。在孕前肥胖或超重的女性中，一些基因变异与孕期体重增加有关。环境和遗传因素共同作用比单独的遗传因素与孕期体重增加的关联更大；例如，观察到饮食类型有显著影响。结论：在拉丁美洲等育龄超重和肥胖女性患病率较高的国家，我们几乎没有发现基因变异之间存在关联的科学证据。孕期体重增加可能比基因变异更依赖环境因素。我们建议对基因变异、细胞因子及其与孕期体重增加的可能关联进行更深入的研究，同时始终对潜在的混杂因素如孕前体重指数、饮食和种族进行相应控制。
