Coordinación de Nutrición y Bioprogramación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City 11000, Mexico.
Programa de Posgrado Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Mexico City 04960, Mexico.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 28;19(1):280. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010280.
During pregnancy, adolescents experience physiological changes different from adults because they have not concluded their physical growth. Therefore, maternal and neonatal outcomes may not be the same. This paper aimed to analyze the association between pregestational BMI (pBMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) with maternal and neonatal outcomes in adolescent and adult pregnant women. The authors performed an observational study that included 1112 women, where 52.6% ( = 585) were adolescents. Sociodemographic information, pBMI, GWG, neonatal anthropometric measures, and maternal and neonatal outcomes were obtained. Adolescent women had a mean lower (21.4 vs. 26.2, ≤ 0.001) pBMI than adults and a higher gestational weight gain (12.3 vs. 10.7 kg, ≤ 0.001). According to Poisson regression models, gestational diabetes is positively associated with insufficient GWG and with pregestational obesity. Furthermore, the probability of developing pregnancy-induced hypertension increased with pBMI of obesity compared to normal weight. Preeclampsia, anemia, and preterm birth were not associated with GWG. Insufficient GWG was a risk factor, and being overweight was a protective factor for low birth weight and small for gestational age. We conclude that pBMI, GWG, and age group were associated only with gestational diabetes and low birth weight.
怀孕期间，青少年经历的生理变化与成年人不同，因为他们尚未完成身体生长。因此，母婴结局可能不一样。本文旨在分析青少年和成年孕妇的孕前 BMI（pBMI）和孕期体重增加（GWG）与母婴结局的关系。作者进行了一项观察性研究，共纳入 1112 名女性，其中 52.6%（=585）为青少年。收集了社会人口学信息、pBMI、GWG、新生儿人体测量指标以及母婴结局数据。青少年女性的 pBMI 均值明显低于成年人（21.4 比 26.2， ≤ 0.001），而 GWG 更高（12.3 比 10.7kg， ≤ 0.001）。根据泊松回归模型，GWG 不足与孕前肥胖与妊娠期糖尿病呈正相关。此外，与正常体重相比，肥胖孕妇发生妊娠高血压的概率增加。子痫前期、贫血和早产与 GWG 无关。GWG 不足是低出生体重和小于胎龄儿的危险因素，超重是低出生体重和小于胎龄儿的保护因素。综上，pBMI、GWG 和年龄组仅与妊娠期糖尿病和低出生体重相关。
