Takhtkeshha Narges, Mandlburger Gottfried, Remondino Fabio, Hyyppä Juha
3D Optical Metrology (3DOM) Unit, Bruno Kessler Foundation (FBK), 38123 Trento, Italy.
Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Vienna University of Technology, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 Mar 4;24(5):1669. doi: 10.3390/s24051669.
Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is a well-established active technology for the direct acquisition of 3D data. In recent years, the geometric information collected by LiDAR sensors has been widely combined with optical images to provide supplementary spectral information to achieve more precise results in diverse remote sensing applications. The emergence of active Multispectral LiDAR (MSL) systems, which operate on different wavelengths, has recently been revolutionizing the simultaneous acquisition of height and intensity information. So far, MSL technology has been successfully applied for fine-scale mapping in various domains. However, a comprehensive review of this modern technology is currently lacking. Hence, this study presents an exhaustive overview of the current state-of-the-art in MSL systems by reviewing the latest technologies for MSL data acquisition. Moreover, the paper reports an in-depth analysis of the diverse applications of MSL, spanning across fields of "ecology and forestry", "objects and Land Use Land Cover (LULC) classification", "change detection", "bathymetry", "topographic mapping", "archaeology and geology", and "navigation". Our systematic review uncovers the potentials, opportunities, and challenges of the recently emerged MSL systems, which integrate spatial-spectral data and unlock the capability for precise multi-dimensional (nD) mapping using only a single-data source.
激光雷达（LiDAR）是一种成熟的主动式技术，用于直接获取三维数据。近年来，激光雷达传感器收集的几何信息已广泛与光学图像相结合，以提供补充光谱信息，从而在各种遥感应用中获得更精确的结果。工作在不同波长上的有源多光谱激光雷达（MSL）系统的出现，最近正在彻底改变高度和强度信息的同步获取方式。到目前为止，MSL技术已成功应用于各个领域的精细尺度测绘。然而，目前缺乏对这项现代技术的全面综述。因此，本研究通过回顾MSL数据采集的最新技术，对MSL系统的当前技术水平进行了详尽的概述。此外，本文还深入分析了MSL在“生态与林业”、“物体与土地利用土地覆盖（LULC）分类”、“变化检测”、“测深”、“地形测绘”、“考古与地质”以及“导航”等领域的多种应用。我们的系统综述揭示了最近出现的MSL系统的潜力、机遇和挑战，这些系统集成了空间光谱数据，并仅使用单一数据源就开启了精确多维（nD）测绘的能力。
