Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
Department of Nursing, Pharmacology and Physiotherapy, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
Front Public Health. 2024 Feb 27;12:1364119. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1364119. eCollection 2024.
The need to study the link between gender, depression, and oral health is becoming increasingly evident. This study therefore aimed to determine the prevalence and evolution over time of depression among women and men with oral health problems and to evaluate the association between depression status, lifestyle-related variables health-related variables and use of dental health services in those people.
We performed a nationwide cross-sectional study on 25,631 adults with oral health problems residing in Spain from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 and the European Health Survey of Spain 2020, including as the main variable self-reported diagnosis of depression. We analysed independent variables such as lifestyle-related variables, health-related variables, and variables related to dental health services. Sociodemographic characteristics were considered as control variables.
The prevalence of depression among adults with oral health problems in Spain was 7.81% (10.14% for women, 5.39% for men), with a notable decrease from 2017 to 2020 in women. Depressed women had a slightly higher percentage of filled or capped teeth, and had more covers (crowns), bridges or other types of prostheses or dentures, while men had more caries. Women also made more frequent, regular dental visits for check-ups and mouth cleaning, whereas men often needed extractions. Unfavourable associated factors in both genders were: perceiving their health as good, average, poor, or very poor, and having 1-2 and ≥ 3 comorbidities. Conversely, not being a current smoker was related to less likelihood of depression. In women only, not engaging in leisure-time physical activity produced more unfavourable associated factors.
The prevalence of depression among adults with oral health problems in Spain from 2017 to 2020 was 7.81%, but this figure has been steadily decreasing over time. In addition, the favourable and unfavourable associated factors could help us inform health professionals and authorities in order to prevent depression and enhance the care of this population according to gender.
研究性别、抑郁和口腔健康之间的联系的需求变得越来越明显。因此，本研究旨在确定有口腔健康问题的女性和男性中抑郁的患病率和随时间的演变，并评估抑郁状况、与生活方式相关的变量、与健康相关的变量以及这些人对牙科保健服务的使用之间的关联。
我们对居住在西班牙的 25631 名有口腔健康问题的成年人进行了一项全国性的横断面研究，这些成年人来自西班牙 2017 年国家健康调查和西班牙 2020 年欧洲健康调查，主要变量为自我报告的抑郁诊断。我们分析了与生活方式相关的变量、与健康相关的变量以及与牙科保健服务相关的变量等独立变量。社会人口统计学特征被视为控制变量。
西班牙有口腔健康问题的成年人中抑郁的患病率为 7.81%（女性为 10.14%，男性为 5.39%），女性的患病率从 2017 年到 2020 年显著下降。抑郁的女性有更高比例的补牙或牙套，更多的牙冠、桥梁或其他类型的义齿或假牙，而男性则有更多的龋齿。女性也更频繁、定期进行牙齿检查和口腔清洁，而男性则经常需要拔牙。两种性别中不利的相关因素均为：认为自己的健康状况良好、一般、差或极差，以及有 1-2 种和≥3 种共病。相反，不吸烟是与抑郁可能性降低相关的因素。仅在女性中，不参加休闲时间的体育活动会产生更多不利的相关因素。
西班牙有口腔健康问题的成年人中，2017 年至 2020 年期间抑郁的患病率为 7.81%，但这一数字一直在稳步下降。此外，有利和不利的相关因素可以帮助我们为卫生专业人员和当局提供信息，以便根据性别预防抑郁并改善这一人群的护理。
