Chen Rou-Jun, Lai Kuei-Hung, Lee Chun-Hung, Lin Hao-Ying, Lin Cheng-Chieh, Chen Chi-Hsiu, Chen Wei, Chen Wei-Yu, Vo Thi Thuy Tien, Lee I-Ta
School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan.
Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan.
Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Oct 11;12(20):2018. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12202018.
The relationship between mental disorders and oral health is complex, involving behavioral, biological, and psychosocial factors. This review aims to investigate the impact of mental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia, on oral health outcomes.
A comprehensive review of existing literature was conducted to analyze the oral health outcomes associated with each mental disorder. The focus was on examining dietary habits, oral hygiene behaviors, physiological changes, and medication side effects that contribute to oral health issues.
The findings indicate that individuals with ASD often exhibit unique dietary habits and reduced oral hygiene capabilities due to sensory sensitivities, leading to a higher prevalence of dental caries and periodontal diseases. Depression and bipolar disorder are associated with physiological changes such as reduced saliva production and poor oral hygiene behaviors, increasing the risk of oral health problems. Medications used for these conditions exacerbate issues like xerostomia, further elevating the risk of dental diseases. Schizophrenia poses additional challenges, including cognitive impairments and medication side effects that hinder effective oral care, heightening susceptibility to oral diseases.
This review highlights the specific oral health challenges associated with different mental disorders and emphasizes the need for tailored dental care strategies that integrate mental health considerations. The study contributes to the literature by demonstrating the unique oral health impacts of these disorders. However, the findings are limited by the scope of available cross-sectional data and the absence of longitudinal studies. Future research should focus on longitudinal and intervention-based studies to explore causal relationships and develop effective treatments.
精神障碍与口腔健康之间的关系复杂，涉及行为、生物和心理社会因素。本综述旨在研究包括自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）、抑郁症、双相情感障碍和精神分裂症在内的精神障碍对口腔健康结果的影响。
对现有文献进行全面综述，以分析与每种精神障碍相关的口腔健康结果。重点在于研究饮食习惯、口腔卫生行为、生理变化以及导致口腔健康问题的药物副作用。
研究结果表明，由于感官敏感性，患有自闭症谱系障碍的个体通常表现出独特的饮食习惯和口腔卫生能力下降，导致龋齿和牙周疾病的患病率更高。抑郁症和双相情感障碍与唾液分泌减少和口腔卫生行为不佳等生理变化有关，增加了口腔健康问题的风险。用于治疗这些疾病的药物会加剧口干等问题，进一步提高患牙病的风险。精神分裂症带来了额外的挑战，包括认知障碍和药物副作用，这些都会阻碍有效的口腔护理，增加患口腔疾病的易感性。
本综述强调了与不同精神障碍相关的特定口腔健康挑战，并强调需要制定综合心理健康考虑因素的量身定制的牙科护理策略。该研究通过证明这些疾病对口腔健康的独特影响，为文献做出了贡献。然而，研究结果受到现有横断面数据范围的限制以及缺乏纵向研究的限制。未来的研究应侧重于纵向研究和基于干预的研究，以探索因果关系并开发有效的治疗方法。
