Mercer R T
Nurs Res. 1985 Jul-Aug;34(4):198-204.
A study of the process of maternal role attainment in three age groups (15 to 19 years, 20 to 29 years, and 30 to 42 years) over the first year of motherhood found that the role attainment behaviors of feelings of love for the baby, gratification in the maternal role, observed maternal behavior, and self-reported ways of handling irritating child behaviors did not show a positive linear increase over the year. Behaviors peaked at 4 months postbirth, but declined at 8 months. Interview data suggested that the challenges of the infant's developmental behaviors at 8 and 12 months contributed to feelings of role incompetency. Although age groups functioned at different levels, their patterns of behaviors over the year did not vary, except for gratification in the role, indicating that the maternal role presented similar challenges for all women. There were no significant differences by maternal age in role strain or self-image as a mother over the year.
一项针对三个年龄组（15至19岁、20至29岁、30至42岁）产妇在产后第一年的母亲角色获得过程的研究发现，对婴儿的爱的感觉、对母亲角色的满足感、观察到的母亲行为以及自我报告的处理恼人孩子行为的方式等角色获得行为在这一年中并未呈现出正向线性增长。这些行为在产后4个月达到峰值，但在8个月时下降。访谈数据表明，婴儿在8个月和12个月时的发育行为所带来的挑战导致了角色无能感。尽管不同年龄组的功能水平不同，但除了对角色的满足感外，她们在这一年中的行为模式并无差异，这表明母亲角色对所有女性都带来了类似的挑战。在这一年中，母亲年龄在角色压力或作为母亲的自我形象方面没有显著差异。
