Renewable Energy Research Center, Damavand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damavand, Iran.
Microsc Res Tech. 2024 Aug;87(8):1704-1717. doi: 10.1002/jemt.24543. Epub 2024 Mar 19.
In the present investigation, the mechanical properties of normal and carcinomatous cells of kidney tissue (HEK-293, ACHN, respectively) were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Initially, the elastic modulus of ACHN cells was measured following chemotherapy with the anti-cancer drug Cisplatin and plasma treatment. The MTT assay was employed to ascertain the most effective dosages for incubation periods of 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, guided by the IC concentration for cell viability during chemotherapy treatment. Analysis at these specified time points revealed a progressive increase in the elastic modulus of ACHN cells when subjected to Cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Specifically, the elastic modulus increased by 1.847, 4.416, 6.035, 8.029, and 9.727 times in comparison to untreated cells at 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, respectively. ACHN cells were subsequently treated with plasma for 30 and 60 s for 24 and 48-h incubation periods. The plasma treatment increased the ACHN cell's elastic modulus. In the subsequent phase of the research, a combination of theoretical (finite element method [FEM]) and experimental methodologies was employed to investigate the resonant frequencies and magnitude of the frequency response function (FRF) concerning the movement of the AFM cantilever. This examination was conducted using ACHN cells as specimens, both before and after exposure to chemotherapy and plasma treatments. The results showed that higher sample elastic modulus increased the resonant frequency, indicating that treated cells had a higher resonant frequency than untreated cells. In conclusion, the FEM and experimental results were compared and found to be in good agreement. HIGHLIGHTS: Using Cisplatin anti-cancer drug increases the elastic modulus of ACHN cell. Applying plasma treatment increases the elastic modulus of ACHN cell. For both of the chemo and plasma therapies, increasing the incubation time increases the influence of therapies oh the cell mechanics. Using finite element modeling (FEM) the real dynamic behavior of atomic force microscope cantilever by considering human kidney cells as the soft samples is possible.
在本研究中，使用原子力显微镜（AFM）研究了正常和癌组织肾细胞（HEK-293、ACHN）的力学性能。首先，在用抗癌药物顺铂进行化疗和等离子体处理后，测量了 ACHN 细胞的弹性模量。采用 MTT 测定法，根据化疗过程中细胞活力的 IC 浓度，确定孵育 12、24、48、72 和 96 小时的最有效剂量。在这些特定时间点的分析表明，ACHN 细胞在接受基于顺铂的化疗时，其弹性模量逐渐增加。具体来说，与未经处理的细胞相比，在 12、24、48、72 和 96 小时时，细胞的弹性模量分别增加了 1.847、4.416、6.035、8.029 和 9.727 倍。随后，将 ACHN 细胞用等离子体处理 30 和 60 秒，用于 24 和 48 小时的孵育期。等离子体处理增加了 ACHN 细胞的弹性模量。在研究的下一阶段，采用理论（有限元法[FEM]）和实验方法相结合的方法，研究了 AFM 悬臂运动的共振频率和频率响应函数（FRF）的幅度。使用 ACHN 细胞作为标本，在进行化疗和等离子体处理前后进行了这项检查。结果表明，较高的样本弹性模量增加了共振频率，这表明经过处理的细胞比未经处理的细胞具有更高的共振频率。总之，FEM 和实验结果进行了比较，结果吻合良好。要点：使用抗癌药物顺铂增加 ACHN 细胞的弹性模量。应用等离子体处理增加 ACHN 细胞的弹性模量。对于化学疗法和等离子体疗法，增加孵育时间会增加疗法对细胞力学的影响。使用有限元建模（FEM）通过将人肾细胞视为软样品来模拟原子力显微镜悬臂的真实动态行为是可能的。
