School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Cessation and Respiratory Diseases Prevention, Beijing, China; Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
China Health Education Center, Beijing, China.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2024 May 1;258:111258. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111258. Epub 2024 Mar 5.
The prevalence of cigarette smoking among women is significantly different from that of men, however, cigarette use by women is little known. The study aims to describe cigarette use prevalence and patterns among Chinese females by age and province.
This study was based on the 2018 China Health Literacy Survey (2018 CHLS), a nationally representative cross-sectional study, and our analysis included 43,319 female participants aged 20-69 with valid data. The prevalence of cigarette use was estimated overall by sociodemographic factors and weighted based on the census population data. The logistic regression model was conducted to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk factors associated with cigarette use and dependency.
In China, the estimated female current cigarette use prevalence was 1.85%, with over half of the population suffering from tobacco dependence (7.34 million). Jilin Province has the highest cigarette prevalence among women (10.59%), while Fujian Province has the lowest (0.27%). Participants over 60 years old (aOR=1.61, 95%CI=1.20-2.14), single (aOR=1.54, 95%CI=1.07-2.21), with primary education (aOR=1.93, 95%CI=1.47-2.52) were more likely to smoke. The age of smoking initiation among women intergenerational advanced, and compared to the cigarette users without tobacco dependence, those who have tobacco dependence start smoking earlier in all age groups (25.69 years vs. 19.36 years, p<0.001).
The cigarette use prevalence among Chinese women was 1.85%, and there are significant differences among provinces. We noted a trend of women initiating smoking at increasingly younger ages, particularly among those with tobacco dependence.
女性吸烟的流行率明显不同于男性，但女性吸烟的情况却鲜为人知。本研究旨在描述中国女性按年龄和省份划分的吸烟流行率和模式。
本研究基于 2018 年中国健康素养调查（2018 年 CHLS），这是一项具有全国代表性的横断面研究，我们的分析包括 43319 名年龄在 20-69 岁之间、数据有效的女性参与者。吸烟流行率按社会人口因素进行总体估计，并根据人口普查数据进行加权。使用逻辑回归模型估计与吸烟和依赖相关的风险因素的调整优势比（aOR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。
在中国，估计女性当前吸烟的流行率为 1.85%，其中超过一半的人口患有烟草依赖症（734 万人）。吉林省的女性吸烟率最高（10.59%），而福建省的吸烟率最低（0.27%）。60 岁以上的参与者（aOR=1.61，95%CI=1.20-2.14）、单身（aOR=1.54，95%CI=1.07-2.21）、受小学教育（aOR=1.93，95%CI=1.47-2.52）的人更有可能吸烟。女性吸烟的起始年龄呈代际上升趋势，与无烟草依赖的吸烟者相比，所有年龄组的烟草依赖者开始吸烟的年龄更早（25.69 岁比 19.36 岁，p<0.001）。
中国女性吸烟的流行率为 1.85%，各省份之间存在显著差异。我们注意到女性开始吸烟的年龄呈年轻化趋势，特别是在那些有烟草依赖的女性中。
