Zhang Yaru, Yang Tingyu, He Yuqiong, Meng Fanchao, Zhang Kun, Jin Xingyue, Cui Xilong, Luo Xuerong
Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and National Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China.
National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; and Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, China.
BJPsych Open. 2024 Mar 22;10(2):e71. doi: 10.1192/bjo.2024.32.
Cognitive control deficits are one of the main symptoms of psychosis. The basic neural oscillation patterns associated with cognitive control are already present in early adolescence. However, as previous studies have focused on adults with psychosis, it is unclear whether neurobiological impairments in cognitive control are present in children and adolescents with first-episode psychosis (FEP) or clinical high-risk (CHR) state for psychosis.
To explore the deficits of electroencephalogram related to cognitive control tasks in children and adolescents with FEP and CHR.
Electroencephalogram was recorded in untreated 48 patients with FEP, 24 patients with CHR and 42 healthy controls aged 10-17 years, while performing the visual oddball task. The N2 amplitude, theta and alpha oscillations were then analysed and compared between groups.
There was no significant group difference in N2 amplitude ( = 0.099). All groups showed increased theta and alpha oscillations relative to baseline before the stimulus in the frontal, central, left fronto-central and right fronto-central areas. These changes differed significantly between groups, with the FEP group showing significantly smaller theta ( < 0.001) and alpha ( < 0.01) oscillation than healthy controls. Theta and alpha oscillations in the CHR group did not differ significantly from the FEP group and healthy controls.
These results suggest that neural damage has already occurred in the early stage of psychosis, and that abnormal rhythmic activity of neurons may constitute the pathophysiological mechanism of cognitive dysfunction related to early-onset psychosis.
认知控制缺陷是精神病的主要症状之一。与认知控制相关的基本神经振荡模式在青春期早期就已出现。然而，由于先前的研究主要集中在成年精神病患者身上，目前尚不清楚首次发作精神病（FEP）或临床高危（CHR）状态的儿童和青少年是否存在认知控制方面的神经生物学损伤。
探讨FEP和CHR儿童及青少年中与认知控制任务相关的脑电图缺陷。
对48例未接受治疗的FEP患者、24例CHR患者和42名年龄在10至17岁的健康对照者进行脑电图记录，同时进行视觉oddball任务。然后分析并比较各组之间的N2波幅、θ波和α波振荡情况。
N2波幅在各组间无显著差异（P = 0.099）。所有组在刺激前相对于基线，额叶、中央、左额中央和右额中央区域的θ波和α波振荡均增加。这些变化在各组间存在显著差异，FEP组的θ波（P < 0.001）和α波（P < 0.01）振荡明显小于健康对照组。CHR组的θ波和α波振荡与FEP组及健康对照组无显著差异。
这些结果表明，精神病早期已经发生神经损伤，神经元的异常节律活动可能构成早发性精神病相关认知功能障碍的病理生理机制。
