Macleod Kyle, Greer Shannon F, Bramham Lawrence E, Pimenta Ricardo J G, Nellist Charlotte F, Hackenburg Dieter, Teakle Graham R, Barker Guy C, Walsh John A
School of Life Sciences University of Warwick Warwick UK.
Imperial College London UK.
Ann Appl Biol. 2023 Nov;183(3):200-208. doi: 10.1111/aab.12842. Epub 2023 Aug 15.
Turnip yellows virus (TuYV; previously known as beet western yellows virus) causes major diseases of species worldwide resulting in severe yield-losses in arable and vegetable crops. It has also been shown to reduce the quality of vegetables, particularly cabbage where it causes tip burn. Incidences of 100% have been recorded in commercial crops of winter oilseed rape () and vegetable crops (particularly ) in Europe. This review summarises the known sources of resistance to TuYV in (AACC genome), (AA genome) and (CC genome). It also proposes names for the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for the resistances, (), that have been mapped to at least the chromosome level in the different species. There is currently only one known source of resistance deployed commercially (). This resistance is said to have originated in and was introgressed into the A genome of oilseed rape via hybridisation with to produce allotetraploid (AACC) plants that were then backcrossed into oilseed rape. It has been utilised in the majority of known TuYV-resistant oilseed rape varieties. This has placed significant selection pressure for resistance-breaking mutations arising in TuYV. Further QTLs for resistance to TuYV (-) have been mapped in the genomes of , and and are described here. QTLs from the latter two species have been introgressed into allotetraploid plants, providing for the first time, combined resistance from both the A and the C genomes for deployment in oilseed rape. Introgression of these new resistances into commercial oilseed rape and vegetable brassicas can be accelerated using the molecular markers that have been developed. The deployment of these resistances should lessen selection pressure for resistance-breaking isolates of TuYV and thereby prolong the effectiveness of each other and extant resistance.
芜菁黄化病毒（TuYV；以前称为甜菜西方黄化病毒）在全球范围内引发多种植物的主要病害，导致谷类作物和蔬菜作物严重减产。研究还表明，它会降低蔬菜品质，尤其是导致甘蓝叶尖焦枯。在欧洲，冬油菜和蔬菜作物（尤其是 ）的商业种植中，发病率高达100%。本综述总结了甘蓝型油菜（AACC基因组）、白菜型油菜（AA基因组）和芥菜型油菜（CC基因组）中已知的抗TuYV来源。它还为已定位到不同芸苔属物种至少染色体水平的抗性相关数量性状位点（QTL）提出了命名。目前商业上仅有一种已知的抗性来源（ ）。据说这种抗性起源于 ，并通过与 杂交渗入油菜的A基因组，产生异源四倍体（AACC）植株，然后回交至油菜。它已被用于大多数已知的抗TuYV油菜品种中。这对TuYV中出现的抗性突破突变施加了巨大的选择压力。在甘蓝型油菜、白菜型油菜和芥菜型油菜的基因组中还定位了其他抗TuYV的QTL（ ），并在此进行了描述。后两个物种的QTL已渗入异源四倍体植物中，首次提供了来自A和C基因组的联合抗性，可用于油菜种植。利用已开发的分子标记可以加速这些新抗性向商业油菜和蔬菜芸苔属植物中的渗入。这些抗性的应用应会减轻对TuYV抗性突破分离株的选择压力，从而延长彼此以及现有抗性的有效性。
