Fayyazbakhsh Fateme, Khayat Michael J, Sadler Candy, Day Delbert, Huang Yue-Wern, Leu Ming C
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, USA.
Intelligent System Center, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, USA.
Int J Bioprint. 2023 Oct 15;9(6). doi: 10.36922/ijb.0118. Epub 2023 Jul 14.
Recent advances in additive manufacturing have led to the development of innovative solutions for tissue regeneration. Hydrogel materials have gained significant attention for burn wound treatment in clinical practice among various advanced dressings due to their soothing and moisturizing activity. However, prolonged healing, pain, and traumatic removal due to the lack of long-term wound hydration are some of the challenges in the treatment of second-degree burn wounds. In this study, 3D-printed dressings were fabricated using gelatin, alginate, and bioactive borate glass (BBG) using an extrusion-based bioprinter. After ionic crosslinking, the 3D-printed dressings were characterized for mechanical properties, degradation rate, hydration activity, and cell viability using human fibroblasts. The results demonstrated that in 3D-printed dressings with 20 wt% BBG, Young's modulus increased by 105%, and 10-day degradation rate decreased by 62%. Addition of BBG prevented the burst release of water from hydrogel dressings and enabled the continuous water release for up to 10 days, which is crucial in treating second-degree burn wounds. 3D-printed hydrogel dressings with BBG showed long-term cell viability that can be a result of the accumulative release of therapeutic ions from BBG particulate. The wound healing functionality of the dressings was investigated using a rat model with a second-degree burn wound. Our animal study showed that the 3D-printed dressings with BBG exhibited faster wound closure, non-adhesive contact, non-invasive debridement, and non-traumatic dressing removal. Histological analysis suggested that 3D-printed dressings contributed to more uniform re-epithelialization and tissue remodeling compared to the non-printed hydrogels of the same compositions. Critically, 3D-printed dressings with BBG led to significant regeneration of hair follicles compared to the 3D-printed hydrogel, non-printed hydrogel, and the control groups. The superior outcome of the 3D-printed hydrogel-BBG20 dressings can be attributed to the bioactive formulation, which promotes moist wound healing for longer time periods, and the non-adhesive porous texture of the 3D-printed dressings with increased wound-dressing interactions. Our findings provided proof of concept for the synergistic effect of bioactive formulation and the porous texture of the 3D-printed hydrogel dressings incorporated with BBG on continuous water release and, consequently, on second-degree burn wound healing.
增材制造的最新进展推动了组织再生创新解决方案的发展。在各种先进敷料中，水凝胶材料因其舒缓和保湿活性在临床实践中对烧伤创面治疗受到了广泛关注。然而，由于缺乏长期伤口保湿导致愈合时间延长、疼痛以及移除时造成创伤等问题，是二度烧伤创面治疗面临的一些挑战。在本研究中，使用基于挤压的生物打印机，以明胶、藻酸盐和生物活性硼酸盐玻璃（BBG）制备了3D打印敷料。经过离子交联后，使用人成纤维细胞对3D打印敷料的力学性能、降解速率、保湿活性和细胞活力进行了表征。结果表明，在含有20 wt% BBG的3D打印敷料中，杨氏模量提高了105%，10天降解率降低了62%。添加BBG可防止水凝胶敷料中水的突发释放，并能使水持续释放长达10天，这对治疗二度烧伤创面至关重要。含有BBG的3D打印水凝胶敷料显示出长期细胞活力，这可能是由于BBG颗粒中治疗性离子的累积释放所致。使用二度烧伤创面大鼠模型研究了敷料的伤口愈合功能。我们的动物研究表明，含有BBG的3D打印敷料表现出更快的伤口闭合、无粘连接触、无创清创和无创敷料移除。组织学分析表明，与相同成分的非打印水凝胶相比，3D打印敷料有助于更均匀的上皮再形成和组织重塑。至关重要的是，与3D打印水凝胶、非打印水凝胶和对照组相比，含有BBG的3D打印敷料导致毛囊显著再生。3D打印水凝胶 - BBG20敷料的优异效果可归因于其生物活性配方，该配方可促进较长时间的湿性伤口愈合，以及3D打印敷料的无粘连多孔质地，增强了伤口与敷料之间的相互作用。我们的研究结果为生物活性配方与含有BBG的3D打印水凝胶敷料的多孔质地在持续水释放以及由此对二度烧伤创面愈合方面的协同作用提供了概念验证。
