Jiménez Rodríguez José Manuel
Facultad de Trabajo Social; Universidad de Granada. Granada. España.
Rev Esp Salud Publica. 2024 Mar 20;98:e202403025.
In Spain, the advances in medicine and pharmacology, technology, etc., together with the low birth rates (a product of various social phenomena that occurred during the 20th century), cause an unprecedented population aging, a situation that extends to the rest of the countries. Europeans. This circumstance leads to an increase in the number of elderly people in a situation of dependency, entailing challenges such as the increase in chronic diseases and palliative stages, the management of informal care, the economic cost of formal care and unwanted loneliness (SND). , among other. Regarding this last challenge, and its consequences, it can be said that: it is a silent problem of a new order that affects more and more people in Spain, Europe and the world; It represents a source of suffering for those who suffer from it and a limitation of the right to participate in society; causes negative consequences for health and emotional well-being; It is associated with certain social and economic costs. Today it is estimated that in our country 13.4% of people suffer from SND, that those who suffer from it have been in this situation for approximately six years and that 22.9% experience this feeling of loneliness throughout the day. Likewise, in Europe as a whole, around thirty million people frequently feel lonely. Considering the sex variable, it is women who suffer from this problem with the highest prevalence (14.8% in the case of women and 12.1% in the case of men). Among the factors associated with this trend is life expectancy at birth. It should be said in this regard that, in recent decades, our country has experienced an increase in life expectancy by almost five years, being greater in the case of women. By 2022 this increase amounts to 83.08 years (women=85.7/men=80.3), a fact that places Spain in tenth place in the classification of the 194 countries that publish their life expectancy.
在西班牙，医学、药理学、技术等方面的进步，再加上低出生率（这是20世纪出现的各种社会现象的产物），导致了前所未有的人口老龄化，这种情况在其他欧洲国家也存在。这种情况导致处于依赖状态的老年人数量增加，带来了诸多挑战，如慢性病和姑息治疗阶段的增加、非正式护理的管理、正式护理的经济成本以及不必要的孤独感（SND）等。关于最后一个挑战及其后果，可以说：这是一个新秩序下的无声问题，在西班牙、欧洲和世界影响着越来越多的人；它是那些遭受孤独者痛苦的根源，也是参与社会权利的一种限制；对健康和情感幸福会产生负面影响；它与某些社会和经济成本相关。如今估计在我国有13.4%的人患有SND，患病者处于这种状态约六年，22.9%的人整天都有这种孤独感。同样，在整个欧洲，约有3000万人经常感到孤独。考虑到性别变量，女性患这个问题的比例最高（女性为14.8%，男性为12.1%）。与这种趋势相关的因素之一是出生时的预期寿命。在这方面应该指出，近几十年来，我国预期寿命增加了近五年，女性增加幅度更大。到2022年，这一增幅达到83.08岁（女性=85.7/男性=80.3），这一事实使西班牙在公布预期寿命的194个国家中排名第十。
