Cronenwett L R
Nurs Res. 1985 Nov-Dec;34(6):347-52.
Changes in the content and structure of social relationships following the birth of the first child were studied with a nonprobability sample of primiparous couples. Differences between men and women were examined regarding changes in network structure, need for support, satisfaction with available support, access to support from network members, and stress and conflict in relationships with network members. In total, 108 subjects responded to investigator-developed tools during the third trimester of pregnancy, 92 subjects at 5 months postpartum, and 69 subjects at 8 months postpartum. More women than men perceived an increased need for support postpartum, but no differences in satisfaction with available support existed. For men, network size decreased, but the percentage of network members with preschool children, the percentage of members offering emotional support, and the boundary density with wives' networks all increased. Women reported decreased frequency of contact with coworkers, but increased frequency with friends, and, as did fathers, named more members with preschool children.
以初产夫妇的非概率样本研究了头胎出生后社会关系的内容和结构变化。就网络结构变化、支持需求、对现有支持的满意度、从网络成员获得支持的途径以及与网络成员关系中的压力和冲突等方面，对男性和女性之间的差异进行了考察。总共有108名受试者在妊娠晚期对研究者开发的工具做出了回应，92名受试者在产后5个月，69名受试者在产后8个月。认为产后支持需求增加的女性多于男性，但对现有支持的满意度不存在差异。对男性而言，网络规模缩小，但有学龄前儿童的网络成员比例、提供情感支持的成员比例以及与妻子网络的边界密度均增加。女性报告与同事的联系频率降低，但与朋友的联系频率增加，并且和父亲一样，提到有更多有学龄前儿童的成员。
