Yang Danni, He Xianyou
Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2024 Mar 20;17:1295-1311. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S452940. eCollection 2024.
This study examines the impact of prioritizing the out-group in intergroup moral dilemmas. The research aims to achieve three primary objectives: 1) investigating the relationship between out-group prioritization and perceptions of hypocrisy, 2) exploring the influence of perceived hypocrisy and negative emotions on moral judgments, and 3) uncovering the underlying reasons for perceiving outgroup prioritization as hypocritical.
Experiments 1, 2 and 3 involved presenting Chinese participants with out-group rescuers and in-group rescuers and asking them to rate the two on three dimensions: level of hypocrisy, level of morality, and negative emotions toward the rescuers. In Experiment 3, the degree of similarity between participants and rescuers was manipulated to control for the level at which participants projected their own intrinsic motivations (ie, self-interest) onto the rescuers.
Experiments 1 and 2 jointly showed that participants perceived the out-group rescuer as more hypocritical and immoral compared to the in-group rescuer, and that participants had stronger negative emotions toward the out-group rescuer. Mediation analysis also demonstrated that the perception of hypocrisy and negative emotions largely mediated the relationship between the different rescuers and participants' evaluation of the rescuers' morality. In Experiment 3, participants gave higher hypocrisy ratings to high projection out-group rescuers compared to low projection out-group rescuers.
In intergroup dilemmas, choosing to sacrifice the in-group to rescue the outgroup is perceived as more hypocritical, immoral, and objectionable. Perceived hypocrisy arises from an incongruity between individuals' subjective judgments of the rescuers' self-interest motives and the altruistic choice made by the rescuers to rescue the out-group.
本研究考察在群体间道德困境中优先考虑外群体的影响。该研究旨在实现三个主要目标：1）调查外群体优先与伪善认知之间的关系；2）探究感知到的伪善和负面情绪对道德判断的影响；3）揭示将外群体优先视为伪善的潜在原因。
实验1、2和3让中国参与者面对外群体救援者和内群体救援者，并要求他们从三个维度对两者进行评分：伪善程度、道德水平以及对救援者的负面情绪。在实验3中，对参与者与救援者之间的相似程度进行操控，以控制参与者将自身内在动机（即自身利益）投射到救援者身上的程度。
实验1和2共同表明，与内群体救援者相比，参与者认为外群体救援者更虚伪、更不道德，并且参与者对外群体救援者有更强烈的负面情绪。中介分析还表明，伪善认知和负面情绪在很大程度上介导了不同救援者与参与者对救援者道德评价之间的关系。在实验3中，与低投射外群体救援者相比，参与者对高投射外群体救援者的伪善评分更高。
在群体间困境中，选择牺牲内群体以拯救外群体被视为更虚伪、不道德且令人反感。感知到的伪善源于个体对救援者自身利益动机的主观判断与救援者选择拯救外群体的利他行为之间的不一致。
