Tortora Leda
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
Front Psychiatry. 2024 Mar 8;15:1346059. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1346059. eCollection 2024.
The advent and growing popularity of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) holds the potential to revolutionise AI applications in forensic psychiatry and criminal justice, which traditionally relied on discriminative AI algorithms. Generative AI models mark a significant shift from the previously prevailing paradigm through their ability to generate seemingly new realistic data and analyse and integrate a vast amount of unstructured content from different data formats. This potential extends beyond reshaping conventional practices, like risk assessment, diagnostic support, and treatment and rehabilitation plans, to creating new opportunities in previously underexplored areas, such as training and education. This paper examines the transformative impact of generative artificial intelligence on AI applications in forensic psychiatry and criminal justice. First, it introduces generative AI and its prevalent models. Following this, it reviews the current applications of discriminative AI in forensic psychiatry. Subsequently, it presents a thorough exploration of the potential of generative AI to transform established practices and introduce novel applications through multimodal generative models, data generation and data augmentation. Finally, it provides a comprehensive overview of ethical and legal issues associated with deploying generative AI models, focusing on their impact on individuals as well as their broader societal implications. In conclusion, this paper aims to contribute to the ongoing discourse concerning the dynamic challenges of generative AI applications in forensic contexts, highlighting potential opportunities, risks, and challenges. It advocates for interdisciplinary collaboration and emphasises the necessity for thorough, responsible evaluations of generative AI models before widespread adoption into domains where decisions with substantial life-altering consequences are routinely made.
生成式人工智能（GenAI）的出现及其日益普及，有可能彻底改变法医精神病学和刑事司法领域的人工智能应用，这些领域传统上依赖于判别式人工智能算法。生成式人工智能模型标志着与先前流行范式的重大转变，因为它们能够生成看似全新的现实数据，并分析和整合来自不同数据格式的大量非结构化内容。这种潜力不仅限于重塑传统做法，如风险评估、诊断支持以及治疗和康复计划，还在于在以前未充分探索的领域创造新机会，如培训和教育。本文探讨了生成式人工智能对法医精神病学和刑事司法领域人工智能应用的变革性影响。首先，介绍了生成式人工智能及其流行模型。接着，回顾了判别式人工智能在法医精神病学中的当前应用。随后，深入探讨了生成式人工智能通过多模态生成模型、数据生成和数据增强来转变既定做法并引入新应用的潜力。最后，全面概述了与部署生成式人工智能模型相关的伦理和法律问题，重点关注其对个人的影响及其更广泛的社会影响。总之，本文旨在为正在进行的关于生成式人工智能在法医背景下动态挑战的讨论做出贡献，突出潜在机会、风险和挑战。它倡导跨学科合作，并强调在广泛应用于经常做出具有重大改变生活后果决策的领域之前，对生成式人工智能模型进行全面、负责任评估的必要性。
