Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA.
Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice-Lamontagne Institute, Mont-Joli, Quebec, Canada.
J Anim Ecol. 2024 Jun;93(6):676-690. doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.14077. Epub 2024 Mar 25.
Differences among individuals within a population are ubiquitous. Those differences are known to affect the entire life cycle with important consequences for all demographic rates and outcomes. One source of among-individual phenotypic variation that has received little attention from a demographic perspective is animal personality, which is defined as consistent and heritable behavioural differences between individuals. While many studies have shown that individual variation in individual personality can generate individual differences in survival and reproductive rates, the impact of personality on all demographic rates and outcomes remains to be assessed empirically. Here, we used a unique, long-term, dataset coupling demography and personality of wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) in the Crozet Archipelago and a comprehensive analysis based on a suite of approaches (capture-mark-recapture statistical models, Markov chains models and structured matrix population models). We assessed the effect of boldness on annual demographic rates (survival, breeding probability, breeding success), life-history outcomes (life expectancy, lifetime reproductive outcome, occupancy times), and an integrative demographic outcome (population growth rate). We found that boldness had little impact on female demographic rates, but was very likely associated with lower breeding probabilities in males. By integrating the effects of boldness over the entire life cycle, we found that bolder males had slightly lower lifetime reproductive success compared to shyer males. Indeed, bolder males spent a greater proportion of their lifetime as non-breeders, which suggests longer inter-breeding intervals due to higher reproductive allocation. Our results reveal that the link between boldness and demography is more complex than anticipated by the pace-of-life literature and highlight the importance of considering the entire life cycle with a comprehensive approach when assessing the role of personality on individual performance and demography.
种群内个体之间的差异普遍存在。这些差异已知会影响整个生命周期，对所有人口统计率和结果都有重要影响。从人口学角度来看，个体表型变异的一个来源是动物个性，它被定义为个体之间一致且可遗传的行为差异。虽然许多研究表明，个体个性的个体变异可以产生生存和繁殖率的个体差异，但个性对所有人口统计率和结果的影响仍有待经验评估。在这里，我们使用了一个独特的、长期的、结合了克罗泽群岛漂泊信天翁（Diomedea exulans）的人口统计学和个性的数据集，以及基于一系列方法（捕获-标记-重捕统计模型、马尔可夫链模型和结构化矩阵人口模型）的综合分析。我们评估了大胆对年度人口统计率（存活率、繁殖概率、繁殖成功率）、生命史结果（预期寿命、终生繁殖结果、占用时间）和综合人口统计结果（人口增长率）的影响。我们发现，大胆对雌性人口统计率影响不大，但很可能与雄性繁殖概率降低有关。通过在整个生命周期中整合大胆的影响，我们发现，雄性比雌性更勇敢的个体繁殖成功率略低。事实上，更勇敢的雄性作为非繁殖者的比例更高，这表明由于更高的繁殖分配，繁殖间隔更长。我们的研究结果表明，大胆与人口统计学之间的联系比生活节奏文献所预期的要复杂，这突出了在评估个性对个体表现和人口统计学的作用时，采用综合方法考虑整个生命周期的重要性。
