Jianfang Wang, Raza Sayed Haidar Abbas, Pant Sameer D, Juan Zhao, Prakash Ajit, Abdelnour Sameh A, Aloufi Bandar Hamad, Mahasneh Zeinab M H, Amin Ahmed A, Shokrollahi Borhan, Zan Linsen
College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Nation-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
Mol Biotechnol. 2025 Mar;67(3):942-956. doi: 10.1007/s12033-024-01126-5. Epub 2024 Mar 25.
There is increasing evidence indicating that global temperatures are rising significantly, a phenomenon commonly referred to as 'global warming', which in turn is believed to be causing drastic changes to the global climate. Global warming (GW) directly impacts animal health, reproduction, production, and welfare, presenting several challenges to livestock enterprises. Thermal stress (TS) is one of the key consequences of GW, and all animal species, including livestock, have diverse physiological, epigenetic and genetic mechanisms to respond to TS. As a result, TS can significantly affect an animals' health, immune responsiveness, metabolic pathways etc. which can also influence the productivity, performance, and welfare of animals. Moreover, prolonged exposure to TS can lead to transgenerational and intergenerational changes that are mediated by epigenetic changes. For example, in several animal species, the effects of TS are encoded epigenetically during the animals' growth or productive stage, and these epigenetic changes can be transmitted intergenerationally. Such epigenetic changes can affect animal productivity by changing the phenotype so that it aligns with its ancestors' environment, irrespective of its immediate environment. Furthermore, epigenetic and genetic changes can also help protect cells from the adverse effects of TS by modulating the transcriptional status of heat-responsive genes in animals. This review focuses on the genetic and epigenetic modulation and regulation that occurs in TS conditions via HSPs, histone alterations and DNA methylation.
越来越多的证据表明，全球气温正在显著上升，这一现象通常被称为“全球变暖”，而全球变暖又被认为正在导致全球气候的剧烈变化。全球变暖直接影响动物健康、繁殖、生产和福利，给畜牧企业带来了诸多挑战。热应激是全球变暖的关键后果之一，所有动物物种，包括家畜，都有多种生理、表观遗传和遗传机制来应对热应激。因此，热应激会显著影响动物的健康、免疫反应、代谢途径等，进而也会影响动物的生产力、性能和福利。此外，长期暴露于热应激会导致由表观遗传变化介导的跨代和代际变化。例如，在几种动物物种中，热应激的影响在动物生长或生产阶段通过表观遗传进行编码，这些表观遗传变化可以代际传递。这种表观遗传变化可以通过改变表型来影响动物生产力，使其与其祖先的环境相适应，而不管其当前环境如何。此外，表观遗传和遗传变化还可以通过调节动物热反应基因的转录状态，帮助保护细胞免受热应激的不利影响。本综述重点关注在热应激条件下通过热休克蛋白、组蛋白改变和DNA甲基化发生的遗传和表观遗传调控。
