Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania, USA.
School of Engineering, Brown University, Rhode Island, USA.
Can Med Educ J. 2024 Feb 29;15(1):68-74. doi: 10.36834/cmej.76138. eCollection 2024 Feb.
Interviews are considered an important part of the medical school admissions process but have been critiqued based on bias and reliability concerns since the 1950s. To determine the impact of the interview, this systematic review investigated the characteristics and outcomes of medical students admitted with and without interviews.
We searched four literature databases from inception through August 2022; all studies comparing medical students admitted with and without interviews were included. We excluded studies from outside the medical school setting and non-research reports. We reviewed interview type, study design, quality, and outcomes.
Eight studies from five institutions across five countries were included. Six reported no demographic differences between students admitted with and without interviews; one found that more men were admitted without than with semi-structured interviews, and both cohorts had similar academic and clinical performance. Structured interviews admitted students who scored higher on clinical exams and social competence and lower on academic exams. Cohorts admitted with and without structured interviews had similar mental health issues by their final year of medical school.
This review suggests that students admitted with and without unstructured and semi-structured interviews were similar demographically, academically, and clinically. Moreover, structured interviews selected more socially competent students who performed better clinically but worse academically. Further research is needed to determine the impact of the selection interview in medical school admissions.
自 20 世纪 50 年代以来，面试一直被认为是医学院录取过程的重要组成部分，但由于存在偏见和可靠性问题，面试受到了批评。为了确定面试的影响，本系统评价研究了有面试和无面试的医学生的特征和结果。
我们从创建到 2022 年 8 月在四个文献数据库中进行了搜索；所有比较有面试和无面试的医学生的研究都包括在内。我们排除了来自医学院以外的环境和非研究报告的研究。我们回顾了面试类型、研究设计、质量和结果。
来自五个国家的五所机构的八项研究被纳入。六项研究报告称，有面试和无面试的学生在人口统计学方面没有差异；一项研究发现，在没有半结构化面试的情况下，更多的男性被录取，而这两个队列的学术和临床表现相似。结构化面试录取了在临床考试和社会能力方面得分较高、在学术考试方面得分较低的学生。在医学院的最后一年，有面试和无面试的学生的心理健康问题相似。
本综述表明，有面试和无面试的学生在人口统计学、学术和临床方面相似。此外，结构化面试选择了更多社会能力更强的学生，他们在临床方面表现更好，但在学术方面表现更差。需要进一步研究来确定面试在医学院招生中的影响。
