Chen Guangyi, Duan Qiang, Wu Chaoyue, He Xingmei, Hu Mingming, Li Congmei, Ouyang Yuyuan, Peng Ligong, Yang Hong, Zhang Qiuqiu, Jiang Qinggui, Lan Yan, Li Tian
College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
Station of Seed Management, Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Xuanhan County, Dazhou, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Mar 11;15:1335744. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1335744. eCollection 2024.
Reasonable nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) application rates can effectively improve fertilizer use efficiency, rice yield and quality. A two-year field experiment was conducted with combined application of three N rates (135, 180, and 225 kg ha, denoted as N1-N3) and four K rates (0, 90, 135, and 180 kg ha, denoted as K0-K3) using super indica hybrid rice cultivar Yixiangyou (YXY) 2115 to explore the effects of co-application of N and K on rice growth and development. The results indicated that the combined application of N and K had significantly interactive effects on dry matter (DM) accumulation, nutrients absorption, N harvest index (NHI), K harvest index (KHI), spikelets per panicle and most rice quality indexes. The highest total DM accumulation (17998.17-19432.47 kg ha) at maturity stage was obtained under N3K2. The effect of co-application of N and K on nutrients absorption and utilization varied between the two years and within each year. The highest total N and K accumulations at maturity stage were observed under N3K1 and N3K2, respectively, while the highest N recovery efficiency (NRE) and K recovery efficiency (KRE) were observed under N1K3. High expression levels of N and K metabolism-related genes in rice grains were observed under N3K2 or N3K3, consistent with N and K uptake. Co-application of N and K increased rice yield significantly and the highest yield (6745.02-7010.27 kg ha) was obtained under N2K2. As more N was gradually applied, rice appearance quality improved but milling, cooking and eating quality decreased. Although appropriate application of K could improve rice milling, cooking and eating quality, it reduced appearance quality. The optimal milling, cooking and eating quality were obtained under N1K2, while the best appearance quality was obtained under N3K0. Overall, a combination of 135-210 kg ha N and 115-137 kg ha K application rates was recommended for achieving relatively higher yield and better quality in rice production.
合理的氮（N）钾（K）施用量能有效提高肥料利用效率、水稻产量和品质。采用超级籼型杂交水稻品种宜香优（YXY）2115，进行了为期两年的田间试验，将三种氮用量（135、180和225 kg·ha，分别记为N1 - N3）和四种钾用量（0、90、135和180 kg·ha，分别记为K0 - K3）进行组合施用，以探究氮钾配施对水稻生长发育的影响。结果表明，氮钾配施对干物质（DM）积累、养分吸收、氮收获指数（NHI）、钾收获指数（KHI）、每穗颖花数和多数水稻品质指标均有显著的交互作用。在N3K2处理下，成熟期总DM积累量最高（17998.17 - 19432.47 kg·ha）。氮钾配施对养分吸收和利用的影响在两年间以及每年内均有所不同。成熟期总氮和总钾积累量分别在N3K1和N3K2处理下最高，而氮回收效率（NRE）和钾回收效率（KRE）在N1K3处理下最高。在N3K2或N3K3处理下，水稻籽粒中氮钾代谢相关基因表达水平较高，这与氮钾吸收情况一致。氮钾配施显著提高了水稻产量，在N2K2处理下产量最高（6745.02 - 7010.27 kg·ha）。随着施氮量逐渐增加，水稻外观品质改善，但加工、蒸煮和食味品质下降。虽然适量施钾可改善水稻加工、蒸煮和食味品质，但会降低外观品质。在N1K2处理下获得了最佳的加工、蒸煮和食味品质，而在N3K0处理下外观品质最佳。总体而言，推荐135 - 210 kg·ha的氮施用量和115 - 137 kg·ha的钾施用量组合，以在水稻生产中实现相对较高的产量和较好的品质。
