Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
J Relig Health. 2024 Aug;63(4):2654-2670. doi: 10.1007/s10943-024-02018-3. Epub 2024 Mar 26.
According to official data, the ultra-Orthodox group in Israel had the highest COVID-19 infection rate yet the lowest vaccination rate compared to the general population. The present study aimed to explore the rate of vaccine uptake as well as reported reasons for vaccine avoidance. In addition, we examined whether several protection motivation theory (PMT) components are good predictors of vaccine uptake. The components we addressed were: perceived susceptibility to the threat of COVID-19, perceived severity of the virus, and perceived efficiency and safety of the vaccine (i.e., response efficacy). The sample included 623 individuals (337 men) aged 18 + who were drawn from a database of a survey company specializing in the ultra-Orthodox community. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey between June 22, 2021, and July 7, 2021, approximately six months after the beginning of vaccination distribution. Results revealed that 65.8% of the participants (versus 89% of the general population) were vaccinated. Women were vaccinated at lower rates than men, whereas those in the Misnagdim ultra-Orthodox subgroup were vaccinated at higher rates than other subgroups in that community. The most prominent reasons for vaccine avoidance were perceived immunity based on prior infection by the virus and lack of trust in the vaccine's safety. In support of the PMT model, the perceived severity of the virus and the vaccine high efficacy were significant predictors of vaccine uptake. The study results call for better outreach to this community and specific psycho-education interventions tailored for its women.
根据官方数据，与一般人群相比，以色列的极端正统派群体的 COVID-19 感染率最高，但疫苗接种率最低。本研究旨在探讨疫苗接种率以及报告的疫苗回避原因。此外，我们还检查了几种保护动机理论（PMT）成分是否是疫苗接种的良好预测指标。我们研究的成分包括：对 COVID-19 威胁的感知易感性、对病毒严重程度的感知以及对疫苗的感知效率和安全性（即反应效率）。该样本包括从专门从事极端正统派社区调查公司数据库中抽取的 623 名（337 名男性）年龄在 18 岁及以上的个体。我们于 2021 年 6 月 22 日至 2021 年 7 月 7 日期间进行了一项横断面在线调查，大约是在疫苗分发开始后的六个月。结果表明，65.8%的参与者（而一般人群为 89%）接种了疫苗。女性的接种率低于男性，而在极端正统派的米兹纳奇姆亚德人中，接种率高于该社区其他亚德人的接种率。疫苗回避的最主要原因是基于先前感染该病毒而产生的感知免疫力，以及对疫苗安全性的缺乏信任。支持 PMT 模型，对病毒严重程度的感知和疫苗的高效性是疫苗接种的重要预测指标。研究结果呼吁更好地针对该社区进行宣传，并针对其女性开展特定的心理教育干预措施。
