Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Żeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland.
Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland.
Biomol Concepts. 2024 Mar 26;15(1). doi: 10.1515/bmc-2022-0046. eCollection 2024 Jan 1.
Among civilization diseases, the number of individuals suffering from type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is expected to increase to more than a billion in less than 20 years, which is associated with, e.g., populational aging, poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, genetic predispositions, and immunological factors. T2DM affects many organs and is characterized by insulin resistance, high glucose levels, and adipocyte dysfunction, which are related to senescence. Although this type of cellular aging has beneficial biological functions, it can also act unfavorable since senescent adipocytes resist apoptosis, enhance cytokine secretion, downregulate cell identity genes, and acquire the senescence-associated secretory phenotype that renders a more oxidative environment. Opposing T2DM is possible via a wide variety of senotherapies, including senolytics and senomorphics; nevertheless, further research is advised to expand therapeutic possibilities and benefits. Consequences that ought to be deeply researched include secretory phenotype, chronic inflammation, increasing insulin resistance, as well as impairment of adipogenesis and functioning of adipocyte cells. Herein, despite reviewing T2DM and fat tissue senescence, we summarized the latest adipocyte-related anti-diabetes solutions and suggested further research directions.
在文明病中，预计在不到 20 年内，患 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）的人数将增加到超过 10 亿，这与人口老龄化、不良饮食、 sedentary lifestyle、遗传易感性和免疫因素有关。T2DM 影响许多器官，其特征是胰岛素抵抗、高血糖和脂肪细胞功能障碍，这与衰老有关。虽然这种细胞衰老具有有益的生物学功能，但也可能不利，因为衰老的脂肪细胞抵抗细胞凋亡，增强细胞因子分泌，下调细胞身份基因，并获得衰老相关的 secretory 表型，使环境更具氧化性。通过广泛的 senotherapies，包括 senolytics 和 senomorphics，有可能对抗 T2DM；然而，建议进行进一步的研究，以扩大治疗的可能性和益处。应当深入研究的后果包括分泌表型、慢性炎症、胰岛素抵抗增加以及脂肪生成和脂肪细胞功能受损。在此，尽管我们综述了 T2DM 和脂肪组织衰老，但我们总结了最新的与脂肪细胞相关的抗糖尿病解决方案，并提出了进一步的研究方向。
