School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Department of Health Systems Management and Public Health, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.
Public Health Nutr. 2024 Mar 27;27(1):e104. doi: 10.1017/S1368980024000752.
To synthesise current evidence on knowledge, perceptions and practices towards type 2 diabetes risk in sub-Saharan Africa.
Mixed-methods scoping review, which included 101 studies (seventy-three quantitative, twenty qualitative and eight mixed methods) from seven electronic databases.
Sub-Saharan Africa, 2000-2023.
Men and women without diabetes with mean ages ranging from 20 to 63 years.
The majority of participants in most studies knew the three main diabetes modifiable risk factors - excess weight, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity. However, most people with excess weight in almost all studies underestimated their weight. Further, the self-described ideal body weight was between midpoint of normal weight and the upper limits of overweight in most quantitative studies and was described as not too skinny but not too fat in qualitative studies. In the majority of studies, participants reported low engagement in weight control, high regular sugar intake, and low regular fruit and vegetable intake but moderate to high engagement in physical activity. Barriers to reducing diabetes risk were social (e.g. societal perceptions promoting weight gain) and environmental (e.g. limited affordability of healthy foods, high accessibility of Western diets and lack of physical activity facilities).
There is a need for multicomponent type 2 diabetes prevention interventions that increase knowledge of identifying diabetes risk (e.g. what constitutes excess weight) and create social and physical environments that support healthy lifestyles (e.g. societal perceptions that promote healthy living, increased availability and affordability of healthy foods and physical activity facilities).
综合目前撒哈拉以南非洲地区关于 2 型糖尿病风险的知识、认知和实践情况。
混合方法范围综述，包括来自七个电子数据库的 101 项研究（73 项定量研究、20 项定性研究和 8 项混合方法研究）。
撒哈拉以南非洲地区，2000-2023 年。
无糖尿病的男性和女性，平均年龄在 20 至 63 岁之间。
大多数研究的参与者都知道三种主要的糖尿病可改变的风险因素——超重、不健康的饮食和缺乏身体活动。然而，在几乎所有的研究中，大多数超重的人都低估了自己的体重。此外，在大多数定量研究中，自我描述的理想体重在正常体重的中点和超重的上限之间，而在定性研究中，理想体重被描述为不胖也不瘦。在大多数研究中，参与者报告了对体重控制的低参与度、高糖摄入量、低水果和蔬菜摄入量，但中等至高的身体活动参与度。减少糖尿病风险的障碍包括社会方面（例如，社会观念促进体重增加）和环境方面（例如，健康食品的购买能力有限，西方饮食的高可及性以及缺乏身体活动设施）。
需要采取多组分的 2 型糖尿病预防干预措施，提高识别糖尿病风险的知识（例如，超重的定义），并营造支持健康生活方式的社会和物理环境（例如，促进健康生活的社会观念、增加健康食品的供应和可负担性以及身体活动设施）。
