Asad Khushbakht, Shams Sumaira, Ibáñez-Arancibia Eliana, De Los Ríos-Escalante Patricio R, Badshah Farhad, Ahmad Farooq, Khan Muhammad Salman, Khan Asar
Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
PhD Program in Sciences Mentioning Applied Molecular and Cell Biology, La Frontera University, Temuco 4780000, Chile.
J Funct Biomater. 2024 Mar 21;15(3):80. doi: 10.3390/jfb15030080.
The chitin and chitosan biopolymers are extremely valuable because of their numerous industrial and pharmacological uses. Chitin and chitosan were extracted from the exoskeleton of (cockroaches) and termites using various acid and alkali techniques. The extraction process involves an initial demineralization step, during which integument dry powder was subjected to 500 mL (2.07 mol/L) of concentrated HCl at 100 degrees Celsius for 30 min, followed by meticulous rinsing with distilled water to restore the pH to its baseline. Deproteinization was conducted at 80 degrees Celsius using 500 mL (1 mol/L) of NaOH solution, which was repeated for 24 h. A total of 250 mL (0.06 mol/L) of NaOH was added at 100 degrees Celsius for 4 h to obtain chitosan, followed by extensive washing and subsequent drying. FTIR analysis was used to identify the functional groups in and termites. The crystallinity of these biopolymers, which have a face-centered cubic structure, was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. This study assessed the analgesic properties of chitin and chitosan via an acetic-acid-induced writhing test in mice, revealing a significant reduction in writhing behavior following the chitin and chitosan extract. Notably, chitin exhibits the highest degree of analgesic activity compared to chitosan. Both chitin and chitosan show anti-inflammatory effects, with chitosan absorbing proton ions at sites of inflammation, while chitin effectively inhibits ear edema and elicits an analgesic response in mice. Furthermore, the present study revealed antipyretic activity, with termite chitin demonstrating the most significant effect at a concentration of 500 µL/mL, followed by chitosan and chitin at 100 µL/mL. These findings indicate the potential of using chitin and chitosan derived from termites and as natural anti-inflammatory compounds, implying prospective uses in anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic capabilities.
几丁质和壳聚糖生物聚合物因其众多的工业和药理用途而极具价值。使用各种酸碱技术从蟑螂和白蚁的外骨骼中提取几丁质和壳聚糖。提取过程包括初始脱矿质步骤，在此期间，将外皮干粉在100摄氏度下置于500毫升（2.07摩尔/升）浓盐酸中30分钟，随后用蒸馏水仔细冲洗以使pH恢复到基线。在80摄氏度下使用500毫升（1摩尔/升）氢氧化钠溶液进行脱蛋白处理，重复24小时。在100摄氏度下加入250毫升（0.06摩尔/升）氢氧化钠4小时以获得壳聚糖，随后进行大量洗涤并随后干燥。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析用于鉴定蟑螂和白蚁中的官能团。这些具有面心立方结构的生物聚合物的结晶度通过X射线衍射分析确定。本研究通过乙酸诱导的小鼠扭体试验评估了几丁质和壳聚糖的镇痛特性，结果显示几丁质和壳聚糖提取物后扭体行为显著减少。值得注意的是，与壳聚糖相比，几丁质表现出最高程度的镇痛活性。几丁质和壳聚糖均显示出抗炎作用，壳聚糖在炎症部位吸收质子离子，而几丁质有效抑制耳部水肿并在小鼠中引发镇痛反应。此外，本研究还揭示了解热活性，白蚁几丁质在浓度为500微升/毫升时表现出最显著的效果，其次是壳聚糖和100微升/毫升的几丁质。这些发现表明，使用源自白蚁和蟑螂的几丁质和壳聚糖作为天然抗炎化合物具有潜力，意味着在抗炎、解热和镇痛能力方面有潜在用途。
