School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Nursing, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Postal Code 616, Nizwa, Oman.
Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Postal Code 616, Nizwa, Oman.
Carbohydr Res. 2020 Jun;492:108001. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108001. Epub 2020 Apr 2.
Chitosan is an organic compound widely used in biomedical and agricultural fields due to its medicinal values. Chitosan is the largest biopolymer after cellulose and it is used as a food supplement as well as a primary health care product. The focus of the present study is to optimize the method for isolation and characterization of chitosan from Omani shrimp shell. The chitosan was isolated chemically from shrimp waste through the chemical processes of demineralization, deproteinization, discoloration and deacetylation. Chitosan isolation was done using hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen peroxide (HO) at various concentrations and temperatures during the demineralization, the deproteinization, and the deacetylation processes. A total of twenty-seven samples were run in triplicate and used to isolate chitin from shrimp shell and then different methods of deacetylation were done to extract chitosan. The research was conducted by changing three variables such as the concentration of acid and base and temperature. The coarse powder shrimp waste samples were demineralized by varying the concentrations ranging from 3 to 9% of HCl and at the temperature range between 25 and 55 °C. The demineralized samples were treated with different concentrations of NaOH ranging from 20 to 60% and at the temperature range from 85 to 110 °C to deproteinize the samples. The optimal method for chitin isolation was selected by using FT-NIR spectroscopy. The optimal experimental conditions according to the present study were 3% HCl at 25 °C for an hour demineralization and 50% NaOH at 110 °C for 3 h deproteinization with a yield of 53.313%. Finally, the isolated chitin was decolorized by treatment with 30% HO for 3 h then deacetylatised with 50% NaOH for 15 min. The weight loss was 0.29 gm/5 gm. In conclusion, shrimp waste could be a natural alternative source for the production of chitin. Furthermore, it could be used in medical, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology sectors.
壳聚糖是一种有机化合物，由于其药用价值，广泛应用于生物医药和农业领域。壳聚糖是仅次于纤维素的最大生物聚合物，可用作食品补充剂和初级保健品。本研究的重点是优化从阿曼虾壳中分离和表征壳聚糖的方法。壳聚糖通过脱矿质、脱蛋白、脱色和脱乙酰化的化学过程从虾废料中化学分离得到。在脱矿质、脱蛋白和脱乙酰化过程中，使用不同浓度和温度的盐酸（HCl）、氢氧化钠（NaOH）和过氧化氢（HO）进行壳聚糖分离。共进行了 27 次三重复试验，用于从虾壳中分离甲壳素，然后采用不同的脱乙酰化方法提取壳聚糖。通过改变酸和碱的浓度和温度三个变量进行了研究。粗粉虾废料样品通过改变 HCl 的浓度（3-9%）和温度（25-55°C）进行脱矿质。用不同浓度的 NaOH（20-60%）和温度（85-110°C）处理脱矿质的样品，以脱蛋白。使用傅里叶变换近红外光谱法（FT-NIR spectroscopy）选择甲壳素分离的最佳方法。根据本研究，最佳实验条件为 3%HCl 在 25°C 下脱矿质 1 小时，50%NaOH 在 110°C 下脱蛋白 3 小时，产率为 53.313%。最后，用 30%HO 处理 3 小时对分离的甲壳素进行脱色，然后用 50%NaOH 处理 15 分钟进行脱乙酰化。失重为 0.29 克/5 克。总之，虾废料可以成为生产甲壳素的天然替代来源。此外，它可以用于医疗、制药和生物技术领域。
