Abulmeaty Mahmoud M A, Almajwal Ali, Elsayed Mervat, Hassan Heba, Alsager Thamer, Aldossari Zaid
Community Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
Metabolites. 2024 Mar 17;14(3):167. doi: 10.3390/metabo14030167.
Active athletes frequently develop low energy (LEA) and protein availabilities (LPA) with consequent changes in the vital metabolic processes, especially resting metabolic rate (RMR) and substrate utilization. This study investigated the association of energy and protein intakes with RMR and substrate utilization in male and female athletes and those with LEA and LPA. Sixty athletes (35% female, 26.83 ± 7.12 y) were enrolled in this study. Anthropometric measurements and body composition analysis were reported to estimate fat-free mass (eFFM). Dietary intakes were recorded by two-day multiple-pass 24 h recall records and three-day food records and then analyzed by food processor software to calculate protein intake (PI) and energy intake (EI). Indirect calorimetry was used to measure RMR and percentages of substrate utilization. Activity-energy expenditure (AEE) was assessed by using an Actighrphy sensor for three days. Energy availability was calculated using the following formula (EA = EI - AEE/eFFM). The correlation of EI and PI with RMR and substrate utilization was tested with Pearson correlation. In the LEA group, both EI and PI correlated positively with RMR (r = 0.308, 0.355, respectively, < 0.05). In addition, EI showed a positive correlation with the percentage of fat utilization. In the male and sufficient-PA groups, PI correlated positively with the RMR and negatively with the percentage of protein utilization. In conclusion, the percentage of LEA is markedly prevalent in our sample, with a higher prevalence among males. Athletes with LEA had lower fat utilization and lower RMR, while those with sufficient PA showed lower protein utilization with excessive PI. These findings may explain the metabolic responses in the cases of LEA and LPA.
活跃的运动员经常出现能量供应不足（LEA）和蛋白质供应不足（LPA）的情况，进而导致重要代谢过程发生变化，尤其是静息代谢率（RMR）和底物利用的改变。本研究调查了男性和女性运动员以及存在LEA和LPA的人群中能量和蛋白质摄入量与RMR及底物利用之间的关联。60名运动员（35%为女性，年龄26.83±7.12岁）参与了本研究。报告了人体测量数据和身体成分分析结果以估算去脂体重（eFFM）。通过两日多次24小时回顾记录和三日食物记录来记录饮食摄入量，然后使用食物处理软件进行分析以计算蛋白质摄入量（PI）和能量摄入量（EI）。采用间接测热法测量RMR和底物利用百分比。使用活动记录仪传感器评估三天的活动能量消耗（AEE）。能量可利用性采用以下公式计算（EA = EI - AEE/eFFM）。用Pearson相关性检验EI和PI与RMR及底物利用之间的相关性。在LEA组中，EI和PI均与RMR呈正相关（r分别为0.308和0.355，P<0.05）。此外，EI与脂肪利用百分比呈正相关。在男性组和蛋白质充足组中，PI与RMR呈正相关，与蛋白质利用百分比呈负相关。总之，在我们的样本中，LEA的比例明显偏高，男性中的患病率更高。存在LEA的运动员脂肪利用率较低且RMR较低，而蛋白质充足的运动员则表现出蛋白质利用率较低但PI过高。这些发现可能解释了LEA和LPA情况下的代谢反应。
