CIIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
FCUP-Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
Mar Drugs. 2024 Mar 12;22(3):131. doi: 10.3390/md22030131.
Cyanobacteria are among the oldest organisms colonizing Earth. Their great biodiversity and ability to biosynthesize secondary metabolites through a variety of routes makes them attractive resources for biotechnological applications and drug discovery. In this pioneer study, four filamentous cyanobacteria ( LEGE 15493, LEGE 15486, LEGE 06104 and sp. LEGE 11479) were explored for their anti-inflammatory potential in cell and cell-free in vitro bioassays, involving different inflammatory mediators and enzymes. Extracts of different polarities were sequentially prepared and chemically characterized for their content of phycobiliproteins (PBPs) and carotenoids. HPLC-PDA analysis of the acetone extracts revealed β-carotene to be the dominant carotenoid (18.4-44.3 mg/g) and zeaxanthin as the dominant xanthophyll (52.7-192.9 mg/g), with sp. LEGE 11479 and LEGE 06104, respectively, being the richest strains. The PBP profile was in accordance with the color presented by the aqueous extracts, with LEGE 15486 being the richest in phycocyanin (204.5 μg/mg) and sp. LEGE 11479 the richest in phycoerythrin (78.5 μg/mg). Aqueous extracts were more effective in superoxide anion radical scavenging, while acetone ones were more effective in scavenging nitric oxide radical (NO) and in inhibiting lipoxygenase. Acetone extracts also reduced NO production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, with the mechanistic study suggesting a downregulation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. LEGE 06104 and sp. LEGE 11479 acetone extracts presented the lowest IC values for the mentioned assays, pointing them out as promising resources for the development of new multi-target anti-inflammatory therapies.
蓝细菌是最早定居地球的生物之一。它们丰富的生物多样性和通过多种途径生物合成次生代谢产物的能力，使它们成为生物技术应用和药物发现的有吸引力的资源。在这项开创性的研究中，研究了四种丝状蓝细菌（LEGE 15493、LEGE 15486、LEGE 06104 和 sp.LEGE 11479）在细胞和无细胞体外生物测定中的抗炎潜力，涉及不同的炎症介质和酶。依次制备不同极性的提取物，并对其藻蓝蛋白（PBPs）和类胡萝卜素的含量进行化学表征。丙酮提取物的 HPLC-PDA 分析表明，β-胡萝卜素是主要的类胡萝卜素（18.4-44.3mg/g），叶黄素是主要的叶黄素（52.7-192.9mg/g），分别以 sp.LEGE 11479 和 LEGE 06104 含量最高。PBP 谱与水提物的颜色一致，LEGE 15486 藻蓝蛋白含量最高（204.5μg/mg），sp.LEGE 11479 藻红蛋白含量最高（78.5μg/mg）。水提物在超氧阴离子自由基清除方面更有效，而丙酮提物在清除一氧化氮自由基（NO）和抑制脂氧合酶方面更有效。丙酮提取物还能减少脂多糖刺激的 RAW 264.7 巨噬细胞中 NO 的产生，其机制研究表明，诱导型一氧化氮合酶的表达受到下调。LEGE 06104 和 sp.LEGE 11479 丙酮提取物在上述测定中表现出最低的 IC 值，表明它们是开发新的多靶点抗炎治疗方法的有前途的资源。
