Institute of Medical Virology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre (NRC), Giza 12622, Egypt.
Viruses. 2018 Sep 13;10(9):497. doi: 10.3390/v10090497.
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) possess a great zoonotic potential as they are able to infect different avian and mammalian animal hosts, from which they can be transmitted to humans. This is based on the ability of IAV to gradually change their genome by mutation or even reassemble their genome segments during co-infection of the host cell with different IAV strains, resulting in a high genetic diversity. Variants of circulating or newly emerging IAVs continue to trigger global health threats annually for both humans and animals. Here, we provide an introduction on IAVs, highlighting the mechanisms of viral evolution, the host spectrum, and the animal/human interface. Pathogenicity determinants of IAVs in mammals, with special emphasis on newly emerging IAVs with pandemic potential, are discussed. Finally, an overview is provided on various approaches for the prevention of human IAV infections.
甲型流感病毒（IAV）具有很强的人畜共患病潜力，因为它们能够感染不同的禽鸟和哺乳动物宿主，并将其传播给人类。这是基于 IAV 通过突变逐渐改变其基因组的能力，甚至在宿主细胞与不同的 IAV 株共感染时重新组装其基因组片段，从而导致高度的遗传多样性。流行或新出现的 IAV 变体每年继续引发人类和动物的全球健康威胁。在这里，我们介绍了 IAV，重点介绍了病毒进化的机制、宿主范围以及动物/人类界面。讨论了 IAV 在哺乳动物中的致病性决定因素，特别强调了具有大流行潜力的新出现的 IAV。最后，概述了预防人类 IAV 感染的各种方法。
